ABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de marcadores do vírus da hepatite B (HBV) e do vírus da hepatite C (HCV) entre adolescentes com idade entre 10 e 16 anos, alunos do Ensino Fundamental da cidade de Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal incluindo 418 voluntários, realizado entre março e julho de 2008. As análises sorológicas incluíram: HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs e anti-HCV. Os testes foram realizados em Ensaio Enzimático de Micropartículas (Abbott, AxSYM System, Wiesbaden, Alemanha). A prevalência de HBsAg foi de 0,2 por cento (IC95 por cento: 0,0-1,3), e a prevalência de anti-HBc foi de 1,4 por cento (IC95 por cento: 0,5-3,1). Quanto ao anti-HBs, 48,6 por cento dos voluntários apresentaram títulos maiores que 10UI/L. Nenhum dos voluntários apresentou resultados reativos para anti-HCV. Este estudo demonstrou uma baixa prevalência de marcadores de infecção HBV e HCV e um grande número de voluntários imunizados contra o HBV. Finalmente, demonstrou-se a importância de campanhas e políticas adequadas de saúde na redução dessas prevalências.
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers among adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years old, who are elementary school students in the city of Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The study involved a cross-sectional survey that included 418 volunteers, from March to July, 2008. Serology comprised HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV. Tests were performed using automated Microparticle Enzyme Immunosorbant Assay (Abbott, AxSYM System, Wiesbaden, Germany). The prevalence of HBsAg was found to be 0.2 percent (95 percentCI: 0.0-1.3), and the prevalence of anti-HBc was found to be 1.4 percent (95 percentCI: 0.5-3.1). Regarding anti-HBs, 48.6 percent had titers greater than 10UI/L. None of the volunteers presented reactive results for anti-HCV. This study showed a low prevalence of HBV and HCV markers of infection and a great number of volunteers immunized against HBV. Finally this study shows the importance of proper health campaigns and policies in reducing those prevalences.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis B virus/immunology , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , Biomarkers/blood , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hepatitis B Core Antigens/blood , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis C , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
Hepatitis B and C are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Brazil, according to the Ministry of Health, about 15 percent of population is infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and less than 1 percent by hepatitis C virus (HCV). Nevertheless, the age-specific prevalence of HBV and HCV markers remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV markers of infection and immunity in children and adolescents between 10 to 16 years old who live in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, South of Brazil. Three hundred and eighty four individuals were enrolled in this study. Serological markers for HBV and HCV (HBsAg, total anti-HBc, anti-HBc IgM, anti-HBs and anti-HCV) were determined through Microparticle Enzyme Immunosorbant Assay (MEIA) - AxSYM System® - by using commercial diagnostic kits (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA). All 384 adolescents (100 percent) were negative for HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM. Only two (0.52 percent) were positive for total anti-HBc. Among the studied individuals, 226 (58.85 percent) presented titers of anti-HBs > 10.0mIU/mL, 121 (31.51 percent) presented anti HBs < 10.0mIU/mL, and 37 (9.64 percent) did not present titers of anti-HBs. Regarding to anti-HCV, all 384 adolescents (100 percent) presented negative results for this marker. In conclusion, this study showed a low prevalence of HBV and HCV infections. In addition, it was verified a great number of children and adolescents (89.84 percent) who were positive for the immunity marker anti-HBs, implying that the National Immunization Program Protocol for hepatitis B has been effective in the studied region.