ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 has a high risk of outbreak in long-term skilled nursing facilities (SNF). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has high mortality rates among the elderly with chronic health conditions. Following identification of COVID-19 index case in a SNF, serial point-prevalence was implemented with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunochromatographic assays. Active surveillance and early isolation of infected patients were implemented. Out of 23 SNF residents and 26 healthcare workers (HCW), 18 (78%) and 12 (46%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, respectively. High proportion (38%) of positive patients were asymptomatic and RT-PCR was positive up to six days before symptoms. Five (21.74%) residents were hospitalized with COVID-19, and 2 (9%) died; only 1 (4%) HCW needed to be hospitalized and no staff members died. Active surveillance helped COVID-19 control and management in a SNF. Testing symptomatic individuals only may fail to identify and isolate all persons contributing to transmission. In high-risk elderly, only symptoms screening may not be enough for outbreak control.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Skilled Nursing Facilities , COVID-19 , Mass Screening , Disease Outbreaks , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
O tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) tem quadro clínico bastante variável, que vai desde quadros completamente assintomáticos, nos quais o diagnóstico é feito incidentalmente, até situações em que êmbolos maciços levam o paciente rapidamente à morte. Seu diagnóstico é difícil e depende da análise da probabilidade pré-teste para otimização da acurácia dos métodos diagnósticos complementares. Apedra angular do tratamento é anti-coagulação, porém a trombólise química deve ser considerada em casos de instabilidade hemodinâmica.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) has highly variable clinical presentation, ranging from completely asymptomaticpatients, in which the diagnosis is made incidentally, to situations where massive emboli lead thepatient quickly to death. Its diagnosis is difficult and depends on analysis of pre-test probability foroptimum accuracy of diagnostic procedures. The hallmark of treatment is anticoagulation, but the chemicalthrombolysis should be considered in cases of hemodynamic instability.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anticoagulants , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Signs and Symptoms , Thrombolytic TherapyABSTRACT
Pneumonia bacteriana comunitária e hospitalar em adultos são problemas de saúde pública crescentes, com inúmeras internações anualmente e causas frequentes de morbimortalidade. A rápida caracterização do quadro clínico deve ser acompanhada de decisão quanto à necessidade de internação do paciente e o tratamento deve ser baseado na gravidade da apresentação e aspectos epidemiológicos. O acompanhamento clínico é imprescindível, tanto ambulatorialmente quanto na internação, atento aos critérios de falha terapêutica e necessidade de revisão da terapêutica inicialmente instituída. Particularmente na pneumonia hospitalar (nosocomial), o diagnóstico é um desafio e a análise do tempo do início do quadro é fundamental para o direcionamento empírico do tratamento. Ênfase na prevenção é uma tentativa de redução na frequência dos casos.
Community and hospital acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults are increasing public health problems, with numerous hospitalizations annually and frequent causes of morbidity and mortality. Rapid characterization of the clinical picture must be accompanied by a decision regarding the need for patient hospitalization and treatment should be based on severity of presentation and epidemiological aspects. The follow up is essential, both outpatient and in hospital, in keeping with the criteria of treatment failure and need for review of initial treatment. Particularly in hospital-acquired pneumonia (nosocomial), the diagnosisis a challenge and analysis of time of onset is crucial for directing empirical treatment. Emphasison prevention is an attempt to reduce the frequency of cases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Communicable Diseases , Cross Infection , Community-Acquired Infections , Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Bacterial/etiologyABSTRACT
A crescente prevalência da Insuficiência Cardíaca na população, e a constante má-aderência aos tratamentos propostos em nível ambulatorial, fazem com que o quadro de descompensação desta doença esteja entre as recordistas em número de internações, causando grande impacto na saúde pública do Brasil. O propósito deste estudo é o de estabelecer um protocolo de condutas a ser aplicado em pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca internados em enfermaria de Clínica Médica Geral, como o Hospital Estadual de Ribeirão Preto (SP, Brasil), com o objetivo de garantir a recuperação de um quadro de descompensação recente, assim como reorientar o paciente quanto à importância da aderência ao tratamento instituído. Para tanto, serão propostas a utilização e otimização de ferramentas farmacológicas, além de reintrodução de medidas não-farmacológicas, de modo que se reduza o tempo de internação,o número de recorrências, e favoreça o melhor seguimento ambulatorial destes pacientes.
The increasing prevalence in heart failure and associated non adherence of patients to the proposed ambulatory-treatment regimen cause the decompensate clinical picture to be the cornerstone of the high incidence of hospitalization found in such disorder, which brings a greater impact in public health. The purpose of the present study is to establish a protocol to be applied to heart failure in patients at an internal medicine ward, such as the Hospital Estadual de Ribeirão Preto (SP, Brazil), in order to guarantee complete recovery from acute decompensated heart failure, as well as to reassure that patients understand the importance of following the proposed treatment protocols. Accordingly, pharmacological therapy and non pharmacological strategies will be either reintroduced or optimized, in order to reduce the period of hospitalization, rate of infirmary readmission, and also to favor a better ambulatory follow-upof these patients.