ABSTRACT
Background: A congenital anomaly is a structural anomaly of any type that is present at birth. Congenital anomalies may be induced by genetic or environmental factors. Most congenital anomalies, however, show the familial patterns expected of multi-factorial inheritance. The aims and objective of this study were to study the incidence of visible congenital malformations at birth, to study risk factors, to find associated internal malformations.Methods: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out in a tertiary care hospital affiliated to a medical college. The Inclusion criteria include all new-borns delivered in the hospital with visible congenital malformations examined within 48 hours of birth. Extramural babies were included if they had presented within 48 hours after birth. The Exclusion criteria include still births were excluded from the study.Results: Percentage of congenital malformation was 1.32%. Most common systems involved were musculoskeletal system (46.34%) followed by genitourinary system (21.34%) and gastrointestinal system (14.02%).Conclusions: All Babies with gross congenital malformation should be screened for internal malformation. The incidence of CNS malformation has reduced than observed in previous studies which suggest awareness about antenatal folic acid supplementation. Other than CNS anomalies, other system anomalies were not diagnosed antenatally despite antenatal ultrasound being done in maximum number of mothers, which suggest use of 3D or 4D scan antenatally.
ABSTRACT
Introduction : Celiac Disease (CD), an autoimmune enteropathy, triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, is one of the commonest causes of malabsorption in the west. It is now well documented from north India where wheat is the staple diet. We report here 22 children of CD from Gujarat to bring the awareness amongst the pediatricians for its early diagnosis. The clinical presentation, serological tests & duodenal biopsy confirms the diagnosis. The results of Gluten Free Diet (GFD) are quite gratifying. Methodology : Retrospective analysis of presentation of children diagnosed to have CD was done from maintained database of CD patients of last 5 years. Results : Twenty two children were diagnosed to have CD at our centre in last 5 years. The age of presentation was from 14 months to 11 years. Short stature, pallor & chronic diarrhoea were the commonest features. Distention of abdomen, anorexia, pain in abdomen & oedema were other manifestations. Vomiting, voracious appetite, irritability & dermatitis were also noted in some cases. Rickets, rectal prolapse & clubbing were less common findings. Serological tests, besides routine investigations & duodenal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Gluten Free Diet (GFD) showed impressive results in 3 to 6 months time. Conclusion : CD is well documented in north India, but it also exists in Gujarat. With clinical presentation of stunted growth, chronic diarrhoea & unexplainable anaemia, one should think of CD. Some other less common & atypical features should also be kept in mind. The results of serological tests for CD are fairly reliable. Still, it is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis by duodenal biopsy. The results of GFD are quite rewarding. To emphasize for compliance of GFD & to provide the list of GFD to the parent & regular follow up are essential components of management.
ABSTRACT
Malaria is one of the foremost public health problems in India. Objectives: To study the clinical spectrum, complications & treatment outcome in smear positive hospitalized children having malaria. Method: this prospective observational study enrolled 190 smear positive malaria patients admitted in pediatric wards of general hospital during 6 months. History taken & examination done. All patients were investigated & treated according to WHO guidelines & followed twice daily till their hospital stay. Results: 88% of patients were having P. vivax malaria. Males were 2.1 times more commonly affected. Age group most commonly affected was 5 to 10 years. Highest no of cases were reported in month of August. All patients were having history of fever. Thrombocytopenia was frequently associated (87%). Cerebral malaria was the commonest complication. Almost all patients with uncomplicated vivax malaria responded to Chloroquine. CFR was 1.05%.