Estimation of Total Femoral Length from EpicondylarBreadth of Femur

Introduction: Stature is an important tool for identification and unique data of human being. Estimation of stature from bones is important for forensic as well as anthropological studies. It is necessary to derive the regression equations from the fragments of femur for medico legal situations. Thus from lower end of femur, estimation of total femoral length can be calculated and then this can be used to get stature by deriving statural formulae. In this study, regression equation for the estimation of total femoral length from epicondylar breadth of femur was computed. Subjects and Methods: Total 208 normal dry human femur bones which were preserved in antomy department of different medical colleges of Gujarat were studied. Total Femoral Length and Epicondylar Breadth of the Femur bone were measured for this study. Results: Epicondylar Breadth of femur displayed the higher correlation (0.828) with Total Femoral Length (TFL) for an individual measurement. As per regression analysis, regression equation is derived which is, B=338.004 + A * 1.390, Where A=Epicondylar Breadth of femur, and B= Total Femoral Length. Then the stature can be estimated by this total Femoral Length by the regression equations or the multiplication factors which are already established by various studies. Conclusion: The total Femoral Length can be estimated from fragmentary lower end of the femur. The total femoral length can be estimated by the equation presented in this study even in the absence of intact femur bone, and by which the stature can be estimated in sex and population sample.

Determination of Sex from Epicondylar Breadth of Femur

Introduction: Sex determination from skeletal remains allows one to narrow the search in individual identification. As the femur shows 75% Variation between individuals, it has been useful for sex determination. There are many possible femoral measurements, but the Epicondylar breadth is routinely considered to be useful for sexing individuals. To date, nothing has been published on other measurements of distal femur, which may be useful if the bone is fragmented, and only lower part of bone is available. This study is an attempt to evaluate sex determination from distal femora of Indian origin. Subjects and Methods: For this study total 208 normal dry human femur bones of known sex were studied, which were collected from various medical colleges of Gujarat. For measurement of Epicondylar breadth of femur, Digital sliding vernier caliper was used. Results: The discriminant function equation for sex determination from Epicondylar Breadth (EB) of femur is:-Y = 0.143 * EB + (-8.334) If Y is < 0 then the sex of the bone is Female and if Y is > 0 then the sex of the bone is Male. Conclusion: With the use of discriminant function score, 87% of femur samples are correctly predicted about sex. The results of this study is particularly useful in a case for sex determination in which the skeletal remains of an individual are incomplete or damaged and thus more accurate bones such as the pelvis or cranium are absent.

Anatomical study of nutrient foramina in long bones of human upper limbs.

Background: An opening into the bone shaft for passage of blood vessels to the medullary cavity of a bone for its nourishment and growth is called as nutrient foramen. There is always a need for a greater understanding of nutrient foramina in upper limb bones such as the humerus, radius and ulna. So the aim of present study was to record the location, number and direction of nutrient foramina in long bones of the upper limb. Material and methods: A total number of 120 long bones (40 humeri, 40 radii and 40 ulnae) were used for the study. Results: In the results, 66% of the humeri had a single foramen, 18% had double foramina and 26% had no foramen. For the radii, 68% had a single nutrient foramen and 32% had no nutrient foramen 78% of the ulnae had a single nutrient foramen and 22% had no nutrient foramen. All the foramina except one (in the radius) were directed away from the growing end, that is, they were directed towards the elbow Conclusion: Information and details about nutrient foramina is of clinical importance, especially in surgical procedures like bone grafting and bone transplantation.