ABSTRACT
Abstracts: Background & Objectives: Nutrient foramen is a natural opening into the shaft of a bone, allowing for passage of blood vessels into the medullary cavity. This study aims to determine the number, location, size and direction of nutrient foramina of long bones of the lower limb. Which information is very important in orthopedic surgical procedures. Methodology: This study consisted of 120 adult human cleaned and dried bones of the lower limbs. They were divided into three groups 40 bones of each. Were studied above mentioned. Measurements were taken with Vernier Caliper. Results: Number: 40% of the femurs had a single foramen, 60% had double foramina. For the tibia, 100% had a single nutrient foramen. 80% of the fibula had a single nutrient foramen and 20% had double nutrient foramen. Position: femur: Of the total 48 foramina, 8(16.6%) were in the proximal third (Type-1) and 40(83.3%) in the middle third (Type-2). Tibia: Of the total 30 foramina, 27(90%) were in the proximal third (Type-1) and 3(10%) were in the middle third (Type-2). There were no foramina in the distal third (Type- 3).Fibula: Of the total 36 foramina, 35(97.2%) existed in the middle third (Type-2) and 1(2.7%) were in the distal third (Type-3). There were no foramina in the proximal third (Type-1).In femur all foramina directed proximally & in tibia all are directed distally while in fibula total 36 nutrient foramina observed out of them, 28 (77.71%) was directed distally; while 8(22.2%) was proximally. Conclusion: The study confirmed previous reports regarding the number and position of the nutrient foramina in the long bones of the lower limbs. Information and details about these foramina is of clinical importance, especially in surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation.
ABSTRACT
Background: The hand length can be used as a basis for estimating stature in cases where only fragmentary or mutilated remains of an unknown person are recovered and also in age related loss in stature. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between Personal Stature and Hand Length in living subjects of Gujarat region and derive a population specific formula (regression equation) to estimate Stature from Hand Length. Methods: Height and Hand Lengths were measured of total 510 living subjects (258 males & 252 females) between the age group of 18-25 years belonging to Gujarat Region. Results: A positive correlation was found between Height and Hand Length and it was statistically significant. Regression equation for stature Estimation was formulated using Hand Length in both sexes. Conclusion: Dimensions of Hand can provide good reliability in estimation of stature. Simple linear regression equation so far derived can be used for estimation of height. If either of the measurement (Hand length or Total Height) is known, the other can be calculated. This fact will be of practical use in Medico Legal investigations and in Anthropometry.