Nurses' knowledge and practice about cesarean section

The study aimed at the assessment of nurses' knowledge and practice concerning Cesarean Section. A non-experimental approach was carried out throughout the present study with the application of a descriptive design a for the study subject. The study was carried out at two maternity hospitals in Mosul city namely Al-Barolo and AL Khansa Hospitals. A purposively sample consist of [20] Nurse who are working in operation theater. The questionnaire was used as a means of data collection; it comprised [3] major parts. Part one presented the demographic data. Part two, consisted of items of Nurses' knowledge about Cesarean Section. While, part three consisted of items of Nurses' practices about Cesarean Section. Content validity was determined by presenting the items to a panel of experts. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined through the use of test and re-test approach. It has been found that the mean age of the nurses was 35.85 +/- 10.44 years, and 15% of them was less than 26 years. Sixty percent of them were married. For the level of education of the nurses. 55% of them were graduated from intermediate nursing schools. The mean duration of nursing work in hospitals was 17.95 +/- 11.50 years. and about 20% of them have more than 30 years in nursing work. Additionally, about half of them have not worked in obstetric and gynecology departments. The researcher recommends that the Ministry of Health should conduct training courses for the Nurses who have qualifications to teach how to deal with Cesarean Section and the Nurses who work in maternity unit need clear policy, job description by Ministry of Health in the operation theater

Specific rubella virus IgG and IgM in umbilical cord sera in Saudi Arabia

The sensitive ELISA assay was used to measure the specific rubella virus IgG and IgM, and also the total IgM in the umbilical cord sera taken from 182 Saudi. mothers during delivery in the Maternity Department at Al Ali General Hospital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Nearly 84.6% [154 out of 182] Saudi women tested were found to be immune to rubella virus. The evidence was the significant rise of the specific rubella virus IgG which is an indication of maternal antigen experience rather than foetal infection. This is based on the fact that maternal IgG mainly crosses the placenta to provide the newborn with passive immunity [Brombell, 1966]. Of 30 [16.5%] elevated IgM cord sera screened for specific IgM rubella antibody, only 5 [2.7%] sera were found to be seropositive. Except in one case where maternal exposure at eight [8] weeks gestation was documented, maternal infection was generally subclinical. Although sensitive ELISA assay are available to aid diagnosis, Saudi mothers do not generally accept therapeutic abortion on religious grounds. As seronegative mothers are still at risk, they must be identified and vaccinated. The mandatory screening of all girls at puberty prior to marriage must be practised. Rubella is a preventable disease. The cost of primary prevention is very small compared with the expense and effort of caring for a patient with congenital rubella syndrome