Percentage of body fat and weight gain in participants in the Tehran high school wrestling championship

Weight loss in wrestling has been found to be an interesting issue for researchers. In this regard, complications of weight loss in wrestlers before the competitions and their weight gain in course of competitions have been debated in previous studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the extent of weight gain and to estimate the percentage of body fat in participants in the Tehran high school male wrestling championship. This study was a cross sectional survey. Subjects were participants of the Tehran high school male wrestling championship [n=365]. Weight gain in course of competitions and body fat levels [based on skin fold measurements] of subjects were measured. Between the first weigh-in of the wrestlers which was done one day before the competitions and the second weigh-in which was conducted immediately before the first round of their first competition [20 hours], 69% of subjects gained on average 1.3 +/- 0.9 kg [range: 0.1 to 6.10 kg] or 2.2 +/- 1.7% of the wrestler's weight [range: 0.1 to 9.3]. Among the subjects, the mean of fat body percentage was found to be 15.2%. Rapid weight loss for matches were prevalent among subjects. It was also found that Iranian wrestlers have a relatively higher body fat percentage in comparison to American wrestlers. Therefore, it can be concluded that weight loss behaviour of these wrestlers should be changed from using dehydration methods to using gradual methods of weight loss such as fat reduction methods

Repair of the Bankart lesion: a biomechanical study of the standard bankart: repair and suture anchoring methods

A recent modification to simplify the standard Bankart operation has been introduced with application of the Mitek and Tag anchor sutures. A cadaveric study has been carried out using 25 pairs of cadaveric shoulder joints. Initially, ten shoulder specimens with intact antero-inferior part of the capsules including the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament [IGHL] were used to test the normal capsular attachment strength [control group]. Ten pairs were used to compare the standard Bankart technique with the single-hook Mitek anchor repairs. The last ten pairs were used to compare the Tag anchor with the double-hook Mitek anchor repairs. The efficacy of the standard Bankart, and the three modified anchor repairs were determined and compared. The control group showed that capsular attachment strength was statistically stronger than all four-repair groups [p<0.01]. The standard Bankart repairs showed similar strength to the Tag [p>0.05] but stronger than both Mitek repairs [p<0.05]. The Tag repairs were significantly stronger than the double-hook Mitek [p<0.01] but of similar strength to the single-hook Mitek anchor repairs [p>0.05]. The holding strength of both the control and repair groups decreased with increasing the cadaver age but this effect was most marked with the Mitek anchors [p<0.05]. This study supports the use of either the Tag or the single Mitek anchors in the young age group and restricts the use of the double-hook Mitek anchors for the modified Bankart repair