Evaluation of endometrial cytology in diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma

The present study was carried out on 150 women with perimenopausal bleeding and attending the gyneocologic outpatient clinic of Mansoura University Hospital.Endometria 1 brush biopsy was obtained from each women using an endometrial brush. Smears were stained by Papanicolaou stain, thoroughly examined and results were compared to the standard histopathology of function curettage obtained from the same patient. Endometrial hyperplasia was easily identified by cytopathology in 127 cases, out of which 16 cases were histopathologically negative for hyperplastic changes. Eleven suspicious smears were obtained, of which 8 cases were histologically proved to be atypical hyperplasia, or hyperplasia associated with atypical foci. The 3 malignant cases were identically diagnosed by both cytodiagnosis and tissue diagnosis. Collectively, 123 out of the 150 studied cases had a similar diagnosis by cytopathology and histopathology in only 27 cases the cytodiagnosis compared to histodiagnosis was incorrect. On these bases, the authers could recommend the endometrial cytobrush as a safe reliable and efficient out-patient procedure to be initially used for women with perimenopausal bleeding and restrict the invasive fractional curettage to the cytopathologically suspicious cases

Immunohistochemical study of epithelial cell markers in carcinoma of urinary bladder

Immunohistochemical expression of keratin proteins and epithelial membrane antigen [EMA] were studied in 23 specimens of bilharzial associated human bladder cancer, using an indirect immunoperoxidase method on formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections.Expression of both tumour markers was detected in vast majority of differentiated carcinomas with relative superiority of keratin proteins to EMA immunoreactive staining for keratin proteins was diffuse intracytoplasmic and more uniform allover tumour tissue, compared to the prominent cell membrane localized, but less consistent reaction for EMA.The associated bilharzial reaction induced no detectable influence on distribution, intensity nor consistency of immunoreactivity for either tumour markers.Great variability in expression of both tumour markers was noticed in poorly differentiated carcinoma [2 adenocarcinomas were negative for keratin and positive for EMA and 2 squamous cell carcinomas were negative for EMA and positive for keratin proteins] which issues an advice to evaluate both tamour markers in poorly differentiated tumours in order to optimize detection of these neoplasms

Histopathological studies on mycotoxicoses in broiler chicks

The histopathological examination of various organs of chicks fed mycotoxins contaminated food revealed the severe toxic effect of ingestion of different mycotoxins combination [aflatoxin B[1] 100 ppb+sterigmatocystin 350 ppb;aflatoxin B[1] 100 ppb+patulin 100 ppb; aflatoxin B[1] 100 ppb+penicillinic acid 850 ppb; or aflatoxins B[2] a 0.9 ppb+G2a 25 ppb+MI 0.9 ppb+M21.0 ppb], Even in low contamination levels of mycotoxins, remarkable pathological alterations were produced in different organs of birds. The liver showed diffuse ballooning of hepatocytes, central zonal congestion, necrosis and cellular infiltration. The kidney was the seat of marked cloudy swelling of the proximal convuluted tubules and minute foci of tubular necrosis. The severity of toxicity of the contaminants combination of each of the last three diets was similar; but each of them was more toxic than the first contaminated diet [aflatoxin BI+sterigmatocytins]. The recovery period of four weeks [during which the birds were fed on mycotoxins free diet] was not enough to remove the histopathological abnormalities but only led to alleviation of the lesions