Prognostic Significance of Tumor Mutation Burden among Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Who Received Platinum-based Adjuvant Chemotherapy:An Exploratory Study

This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of tumor mutation burden (TMB) among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor tissue specimens after surgical resection were collected for DNA extraction. Somatic mutation detection and TMB analysis were conducted using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Recurrence status of the patients was assessed in the hospital during the adjuvant chemotherapy period, and long-term survival data of patients were obtained by telephone follow-up. Univariate analysis between TMB status and prognosis was carried out by survival analysis. A retrospective review of 78 patients with non-squamous NSCLC who received platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy showed a median disease-free survival of 3.6 years and median overall survival (OS) of 5.3 years. NGS analysis exhibited that the most common mutated somatic genes among the 78 patients were tumor suppressor protein p53 (TP53), epidermal growth factor receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1B, DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha and FAT atypical cadherin 3, and their prevalence was 56.4%, 48.7%, 37.2%, 30.7%, and 25.6%, respectively. TMB status was divided into TMB-L (≤ 4.5/Mb) and TMB-H (> 4.5/Mb) based on the median TMB threshold. Relevance of TMB to prognosis suggested that the median OS of patients with TMB-L was significantly longer than that of patients with TMB-H (NR vs. 4.6, P = 0.014). Higher TMB status conferred a worse implication on OS among patients with non-squamous NSCLC who received platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Association of cumulative resting heart rate exposure with rapid renal function decline: a prospective cohort study with 27,564 older adults / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the prospective association between cumulative resting heart rate (cumRHR) and rapid renal function decline (RRFD) in a cohort of individuals aged 60 and older.@*METHODS@#In the Tianjin Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort Study, the individuals who underwent three consecutive physical examinations between 2014 and 2017, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and aged 60 years or older were enrolled. A total of 27,564 patients were prospectively followed up from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020. The 3-year cumRHR was calculated. The primary outcome was RRFD, defined as an annualized decline in eGFR of 5 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or greater. Logistic and restricted spline regression models and subgroup analysis were used to investigate the association of cumRHR with RRFD after adjusting for all confounders.@*RESULTS@#During a median follow-up of 3.2 years, a total of 4,347 (15.77%) subjects developed RRFD. In fully-adjusted models, compared with the lowest quartile of cumRHR, the odds ratio (OR) for the highest was 1.44 (1.28-1.61), P < 0.001. Furthermore, each 1-standard deviation (27.97 beats/min per year) increment in cumRHR was associated with a 17% (P < 0.001) increased risk of RRFD, with a linear positive correlation (P for non-linear = 0.803). Participants with a 3-year cumRHR ≥ 207 (beats/min) * year (equivalent to ≥ 69 beats/min per year in 3 years) were found to be at a higher risk of RRFD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The cumRHR is significantly associated with a higher risk of RRFD among older adults. These results might provide an effective goal for managing and delaying the decline of renal function in the older adults.

Full-cycle management of endodontic microsurgery / 口腔疾病防治

@#Contemporary endodontic microsurgery has emerged as a significant treatment modality in the retention of teeth with persistent apical periodontitis. This article proposes the concept of the full-cycle clinical management of endodontic microsurgery based on the condition of the patient and tooth, attempting to develop a comprehensive strategy for the examination, treatment and follow-up to save natural teeth. Full-cycle clinical management included preoperative consideration of the general condition and surgical site and selection of cases for endodontic microsurgery; intraoperative application of techniques such as lasers, "bone window" technique and targeted endodontic microsurgery to make the surgical approaches more varied and the operation minimally invasive; postoperative outcome assessment according to the history, clinical and radiographic examination; and analysis of the short- and long-term outcomes.

Progression on Multifunctional Nanoparticles Interfering with Cell Membrane Transporters-associated Drug Resistance / 中国医学科学院学报

Multi-drug resistance(MDR)refers to the loss of sensitivity of tumor cells to traditional chemotherapeutics agents under the mediation of various mechanisms,resulting in the reduction of chemotherapy efficacy.Current studies suggest that a variety of factors,including cell membrane transporter-mediated efflux of anti-tumor drugs,special microenvironment in tumor tissue,DNA self-repair and anti-apoptotic process,and epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation,may contribute to the formation of MDR.Cell membrane transporter-mediated drug efflux refers to an increase in the amount of anti-tumor drug pumped out of the cell through the up-regulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter on tumor cell membrane,which reduces the concentration of the drug in the cell,thus forming MDR.An effective method to inhibit the efflux pump caused by overexpression of membrane transporters plays an important role in overcoming MDR.As a promising drug delivery system,multifunctional nanoparticles have demonstrated many advantages in antitumor therapy.Meanwhile,nanoparticles with tailored design are capable of overcoming MDR when combined with a variety of strategies.This paper described in detail the studies relevant to the use of multifunctional nano-sized drug delivery system combined with different strategies,such as co-delivery of agents,external responsiveness or target modification for intervention with efflux pump in order to reverse MDR.This paper provides reference for the development of nano-sized drug delivery system and the formulation of reversal strategy in the future.

Review of economic evaluation of lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze recent economic evaluation studies of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer in order to provide recommendations for such economic evaluation in China. Methods:A systematic search and analysis was conducted to identify articles on low-dose CT screening for lung cancer published from 2015 to 2019. Results:According to the literature inclusion criteria， 15 studies were included. Most of the studies were conducted in Europe， the United States and other developed countries. The majority adopted model simulation approaches. Low-dose CT screening was suggested to be cost-effective compared with no-screening or chest radiography for lung cancer in 13 studies. Only 2 studies showed no cost-effectiveness. Conclusion:The latest evidence of economic evaluation shows that low-dose CT screening for lung cancer is cost-effective and has a more consistent result than previous reviews. Methodologically， use of microsimulation models is increasing for better economic evaluation at the individual level. However， evidence from developing countries is still insufficient. It is necessary to conduct economic evaluation in combination with the domestic practice of lung cancer screening and localized data．

Effects of RCE-4, an active component of Reineckia carnea, on regulation of cell cycle arrest in human cervical cancer Ca Ski cells by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress / 中国药理学通报

Aim: To explore the mechanism of RCE-4, an active constituent isolated from Reineckia carnea on anti-proliferation activity of human cervical neoplasm Ca Ski cells. Methods Etramethylazolyl blue method (MTT) and clone formation assay were adopted to observe the inhibitory effects of RCE-4 on the growth of Ca Ski cells, and its half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC

Inhibitory effects of baicalein against herpes simplex virus type 1

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous and widespread human pathogen, which gives rise to a range of diseases, including cold sores, corneal blindness, and encephalitis. Currently, the use of nucleoside analogs, such as acyclovir and penciclovir, in treating HSV-1 infection often presents limitation due to their side effects and low efficacy for drug-resistance strains. Therefore, new anti-herpetic drugs and strategies should be urgently developed. Here, we reported that baicalein, a naturally derived compound widely used in Asian countries, strongly inhibited HSV-1 replication in several models. Baicalein was effective against the replication of both HSV-1/F and HSV-1/Blue (an acyclovir-resistant strain)

Analysis of the genome sequencing data of the Marinobacterium genus / 生物工程学报

The marine genus Marinobacterium was first identified in 1997, and a total of 18 species have been characterized so far, 10 of which have published whole-genome sequencing data. This article summarizes the characteristics of Marinobacterium genus and analyzes the genome sequencing data related to the carbon source utilization, polyhydroxyalkanoate metabolism, and aromatic compounds degradation. The Marinobacterium species possess the complete glycolysis pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle, yet lack genes involved in xylose utilization. All strains of the Marinobacterium genus contain the genes encoding for the typeⅠand type Ⅲ polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases, suggesting that the genus may have ability of polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation. The Marinobacterium species contain the degradation pathways of aromatic compounds. Benzene, phenol and benzoic acid can be degraded into catechol via different enzymes, subsequently catechol is converted to 3-ketoadipate through the ortho-cleavage pathway. Alternatively, catechol can be degraded into pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. The analysis of genome sequencing data of the Marinobacterium genus provides in-depth understanding of the metabolic characteristics, indicating that the genus may have certain applications in the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate and the removal of marine aromatic compounds.

The applications of Nd：YAG laser and Er：YAG laser in endodontics / 口腔疾病防治

@#With the gradual maturity of laser technology, it has become widely considered a new method for disease treatment. Nd：YAG laser and Er：YAG laser are two representative solid-state lasers. These lasers are easy to use, comfortable and safe, and thus, they have recently become a research hotspot in dental treatment. Nd：YAG laser and Er：YAG laser have been used for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity and dental caries, root canal therapy, pulp preservation and apical surgery. They are effective adjuvant methods for the treatment of dental pulp diseases and provide new avenues for clinical treatment. In this paper, the application of Nd：YAG laser and Er：YAG laser in the treatment of dental pulp disease is described to provide a reference for clinical treatment options.

IGF-1R/β-catenin signaling axis is involved in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is involved in both glucose and bone metabolism. IGF-1R signaling regulates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated whether the IGF-1R/ β-catenin signaling axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic osteoporosis (DOP). Serum from patients with or without DOP was collected to measure the IGF-1R level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rats were given streptozotocin following a four-week high-fat diet induction (DOP group), or received vehicle after the same period of a normal diet (control group). Dual energy X-ray absorption, a biomechanics test, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were performed to evaluate bone mass, bone strength, and histomorphology, respectively, in vertebrae. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were performed to measure the total and phosphorylation levels of IGF-1R, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and β-catenin. The serum IGF-1R level was much higher in patients with DOP than in controls. DOP rats exhibited strikingly reduced bone mass and attenuated compression strength of the vertebrae compared with the control group. HE staining showed that the histomorphology of DOP vertebrae was seriously impaired, which manifested as decreased and thinned trabeculae and increased lipid droplets within trabeculae. PCR analysis demonstrated that IGF-1R mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated, and western blotting detection showed that phosphorylation levels of IGF-1R, GSK-3β, and β-catenin were enhanced in DOP rat vertebrae. Our results suggest that the IGF-1R/β-catenin signaling axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of DOP. This may contribute to development of the underlying therapeutic target for DOP.

Cloning and expression analysis of LncRNA-RgAGT2 responding to consecutive monoculture in Rehmannia glutinosa / 中国中药杂志

The consecutive monoculture obstacle is a major problem in the field of Rehmannia glutinosa( R. glutinosa),has severely declined the yield and quality of R. glutinosa. Here,using hi TAIL-PCR and RACE techniques,we have cloned the full-length transcript( 1 573 bp) of Unigene 29334＿All screened by DGE as a consecutive monoculture obstacle response gene of R. glutinosa. Based on ORF Finder prediction,all ORFs detected in the full-length transcript were less than 300 nt,which suggested that the above transcript was confirmed to be a long non-coding RNA( LncRNA). With alignment in R. glutinosa transcriptome,this LncRNA was partially homologous to alanine glyoxylate transaminase 2 gene( Rg AGT2),which was named LncRNA-RgATG2. To further explore the function of LncRNA-RgAGT2,we have examined expression patterns of LncRNA-RgAGT2 and Rg AGT2 at five critical development stages( seedling,elongation,pre-expanding,mid-expanding,late-expanding) in the first and second year replanting of R. glutinosa,respectively. The results indicated that LncRNA-RgAGT2,as a potential regulator,is possible to play a vital role in Rg AGT2 expression regulation. Meanwhile,LncRNA-RgAGT2 has presented significant variation in all development stages of R. glutinosa,which could be used as a " diagnostic label" to assess consecutive monoculture obstacle. This study,for the first time,showed that LncRNA was responsible for the response and regulation of consecutive monoculture obstacle,which would be a powerful supplement to reveal the molecular mechanisms of consecutive monoculture obstacle of R. glutinosa.

Clinical treatments and prognosis about cracked tooth / 口腔疾病防治

@#Cracked tooth is a common type of tooth fracture with diverse symptoms, different treatment principles and unpredictable prognosis. The available remedies for immediate, intermediate and definitive managements include occlusal adjustment, orthodontic band, bonded composite resin, onlay, full crown and so on. For teeth with localized crack and vital pulp, bonded composite resin and onlay with cuspal coverage are also protective remedies besides traditional full-crown restoration. Once pulpal infection occurs, root canal therapy and full-crown restoration is indicated. Clinical determination should be made with comprehensive consideration of the location and depth of the crack, risk of extension and pulpal condition. This review will focus on the traits and prognosis of various therapy options, so as to provide evidence-based treatment planning of cracked tooth.

Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Differential Diagnosis between the Adult Reversible Splenial Lesion Syndrome and Ischemic Infarction of the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in differential diagnosis between the adult reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) and ischemic infarction of the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC). Methods The MRI findings and clinical data of 7 RESLES patients and 13 patients with ischemic infarction of SCC who were clinically diagnosed and treated in our center from May 2015 to June 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The main MRI findings included location,morphology,signal intensity,maximum cross-sectional area,diffusion weighted imaging (DWI),and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. Results On the MRI findings of 7 RESLES patients (5 males and 2 females),the centers of all lesions of the SCC were located in the midline of SCC,the lesion shapes were round,ellipse,or spindle,and the distribution of the lesions was bilateral and symmetric as the center of the midline of SCC. The lesions were hyperintense on DWI,and the mean maximum cross-sectional area of lesions was (56.9±32.6) mm and the mean ADC value was (0.3963±0.0715) ×10 mm/s. On the review MRI,all the lesions disappeared (mean interval:10 days). On the MRI findings of 13 patients with ischemic infarction of SCC (10 males and 3 females),the lesions were irregular or patchy in shape and were almost laterally and asymmetrically distributed. The lesions were hyperintense on DWI,and the mean maximum cross-sectional area was (55.1±43.9) mm and the mean ADC value was (0.4978±0.0123) ×10 mm/s. The mean maximum cross-sectional area (t=0.096,P=0.925) and the ADC value (t=-1.988,P=0.062) were not significantly different between RESLES group and ischemic infarction of SCC group. Conclusions The location,morphology,and distribution of the SCC lesions and the co-existence of other lesions in the brain are helpful for the differential diagnosis between RESLES and ischemic infarction of SCC. However,the mean maximum cross-sectional area and the ADC value show no obvious difference between these two diseases.

Effects of UBE3C on proliferation and invasion in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To explore the effects of ubiquitin protein ligase E3C (UBE3C) on proliferation and invasion in epithelial ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. Methods?·?Western blotting was used to detect the expression difference of UBE3C in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and normal ovarian cell lines. SKOV3 cells were transfected with si-UBE3C to knockdown UBE3C protein level, while ex-UBE3C plasmid was used to upregulate the expression of UBE3C. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. Wound healing assay and Transwell assay were performed to investigate the effect of UBE3C on migration and invasion. Protein levels of β-catenin and c-Myc were also detected in different groups, which were closely related to proliferation and invasion. Results?·?UBE3C was highly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. UBE3C was successfully silenced with si-UBE3C transfection in SKOV3 cells. Inhibition of UBE3C significantly weakened the abilities of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. A reduction of β-catenin and c-Myc protein levels was also accompanied by UBE3C knockdown. Overexpression of UBE3C with ex-UBE3C plasmid promoted the abilities of proliferation, migration and invasion. Enhanced expression levels of β-catenin and c-Myc were also verified. Conclusion?·?UBE3C promotes proliferation and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. This might be to do with upregulation of β-catenin and c-Myc protein levels.

Genotyping of hepatitis C virus by PCR-fluorescent probe in Qingyang area / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To detect the genotyping of hepatitis C virus by PCR-fluorescent probe in Qingyang area,and to evaluate the performance of PCR-fluorescent probe. Methods:The clinical data and peripheral venous blood of patients with HCV were collected (n=289). PCR-fluorescent probe was used to detect the genotype and HCV RNA of hepatitis C virus,and compare with PCR reverse dot blot,RT nested-PCR. Results:Among 289 samples detected by PCR-fluorescent probe,the rate of genotyping of hepatitis C virus was 99. 3%(287/289),and 139 for 1b(48. 1%),136 for 2a(47. 1%),7 for 3a(2. 4%),5 for 3b(1. 7%),2 for unknow(0. 7%). The specificity and efficiency was 100%,better repeatability,consistent with PCR reverse dot blot and RT nested-PCR(98. 2%,P>0. 05). The ALT,AST,PLT and HCVRNA(lg)for 1b patients was higher than 2a(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Multi-genotype distribution of HCV was revealed in the hepatitis C patients of Qingyang,1b and 2a were the main genotypes,and the ratio was equal,2a was increased,1b was declined. The sensibility and specificity was higher for PCR-fluorescent probe,and could be used in clinic.

Genotyping of hepatitis C virus by PCR-fluorescent probe in Qingyang area / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To detect the genotyping of hepatitis C virus by PCR-fluorescent probe in Qingyang area,and to evaluate the performance of PCR-fluorescent probe. Methods:The clinical data and peripheral venous blood of patients with HCV were collected (n=289). PCR-fluorescent probe was used to detect the genotype and HCV RNA of hepatitis C virus,and compare with PCR reverse dot blot,RT nested-PCR. Results:Among 289 samples detected by PCR-fluorescent probe,the rate of genotyping of hepatitis C virus was 99. 3%(287/289),and 139 for 1b(48. 1%),136 for 2a(47. 1%),7 for 3a(2. 4%),5 for 3b(1. 7%),2 for unknow(0. 7%). The specificity and efficiency was 100%,better repeatability,consistent with PCR reverse dot blot and RT nested-PCR(98. 2%,P>0. 05). The ALT,AST,PLT and HCVRNA(lg)for 1b patients was higher than 2a(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Multi-genotype distribution of HCV was revealed in the hepatitis C patients of Qingyang,1b and 2a were the main genotypes,and the ratio was equal,2a was increased,1b was declined. The sensibility and specificity was higher for PCR-fluorescent probe,and could be used in clinic.

Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 as a diagnostic marker of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with acute ischemic stroke / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the potential role of soluble triggering receptor expressed on ayeloid cells-1(sTREM-1) expression in serum,endotracheal aspiration (ETA),bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as early biomarkers for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods One hundred and thirty-two patients with clinically suspected VAP were prospectively included in this multicenter study.The levels of sTREM-1 in serum,ETA,BALF and EBC were analyzed for diagnostic evaluation at the time of VAP clinically suspected.The bacterial count over 104/CFU as a gold standard for VAP,and the receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify the ideal cutoff values.Results VAP was confirmed in 76 patients (57.58％).In VAP patients (VAP group) and non-VAP patients (non-VAP group),the level of sTREM-1 in BALF was 32.35 (30.08-41.72) and 18.92(11.89-31.72) ng/L,and the level of sTREM-1 in EBC was 1.57 (1.02-2.61) and 0.41(0.19-1.61)ng/L respectively.The level of sTREM-1 in BALF and in EBC in VAP group was significantly higher than that in non-VAP group (P ＜0.05).The optimum cutoff value for sTREM-1 in BALF according to the maximum Youden index was 23.61 ng/L.This cutoff value had 85.5％ sensitivity and 73.1％ specificity,with 0.813 area under the curve.sTREM-1 in BALF had excellent correlation with that in EBC (R2 =0.78,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The results of this prospective study suggest that sTREM-1 levels in BALF and EBC have better roles in facilitating the diagnosis of VAP and thus may be practically recommended to guide the administration of antibiotics when VAP is suspected.

Effects of Goserelin on Vascular Growth Factor and Immune Function of Rats with Prostatic Hyperplasia / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of goserelin on vascular growth factor and immune function of rats with prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS:Rats were selected to establish prostatic hyperplasia model and randomly divided into model group,gose-relin low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups (0.4,0.8,1.2 mg/kg);normal rats were selected as normal control group, with 10 rats in each group. Normal control group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically,and goserelin groups were given relevant dose of drugs intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 25 days. The prostate volume,wet weight,prostatic index of rats were detected as well as positive cell area of VEGF,TGF-β1,FGF,CD4 and CD8 in prostate tissue. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,prostate volume,wet weight,prostatic index,positive cell area of VEGF,TGF-β1,FGF, CD4 and CD8 were all increased in model group (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Gosere-lin can relieve prostatic hyperplasia of rats,reduce the expression of VEGF in prostate tissue and regulate immune function.

Impact of premature rupture of membranes on neonatal complications in preterm infants with gestational age <37 weeks / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of premature rupture of the membrane (PROM) on neonatal complications in premature infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The registration information of 7684 preterm infants with gestational age <37 weeks were collected from the cooperative units in the task group between January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. Specially trained personnel from each cooperative units filled in the unified form in a standardized format to record the gender, gestational age, birth weight, PROM, placental abruption, antenatal corticosteroid, Apgar score, amniotic fluid pollution, and complications of the infants. The data were analyzed comparatively between the cases with PROM and those without (control).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The preterm mortality rate was significantly lower but the incidences of ICH, NEC, ROP and BPD were significantly higher in PROM group than in the control group (P<0.05). The 95% confidence interval of the OR value was <1 for mortality, and was >1 for ICH, NEC, ROP and BPD. After adjustment for gestational age, birth weight, gender, mode of delivery, placental abruption, placenta previa, prenatal hormones, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational period hypertension and 5-min Apgar score <7, the incidences of NEC, ROP and BPD were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05) with 95% confidence interval of OR value >1, but the mortality rate and incidence of ICH were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PROM is a risk factor for NEC, ROP and BPD in preterm infants, and adequate intervention of PROM can reduce the incidences of such complications as NEC, ROP and BPD in the infants.</p>

A study on the influence of montelukast on chromogranin A protein and mRNA expressions at lung tissue of asthmatic rat / 预防医学

Objective To investigate the potential roles of chromogranin A in pathogenesis of asthmatic inflammation,and to assess the regulation of montelukast on chromogranin A expression.Methods The rat asthma model was established with ovalbumin,and they were allocated to three groups,named asthma group,control group and montelukast group.The expressions of chromogranin A protein and mRNA at lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemisty or real-time PCR methods,and positive expression intensity of chromogranin A protein was assayed by optical density.The correlation between chromogranin A protein and mRNA was also analyzed.Results The expression levels of chromogranin A protein in asthma group(0.34 ±0.05 optical density)was significantly higher than that in control group (0.21 ±0.06 optical density)(P<0.01 ).The expression levels of chromogranin A mRNA in asthma group (4.02 ±0.95 relative quantity value)was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01 ).The expression levels of chromogranin A protein in montelukast group(0.28 ±0.04 optical density)was dramatically lower than that in asthma group (0.34 ±0.05 optical density)(P<0.05),while there were no statistical significance of chromogranin A mRNA(3.67 ±0.78 relative quantity value)between those two groups(P>0.05 ).But levels of mRNA was positively correlated with protein of chromogranin A (r=0.635,P<0.01).Conclusion Expressions of chromogranin A protein and mRNA at lung tissue were increased in asthmatic rats,and the results demonstrated that chromogranin A perhaps participated in the pathogenesis of asthma inflammation,but this function of chromogranin A protein could be down regulated by montelukast.