Transcatheter arterial infusion of anti-programmed cell death 1 antibody pembrolizumab combined with temozolomide or nab-paclitaxel in patient with primary anorectal malignant melanoma: Four case reports

Primary anorectal malignant melanoma (ARMM) is an extremely rare but aggressive tumor. We assessed the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial infusion (TAI) with anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab at a dosage of 100 mg with 0.9% NaCl at a volume of 100 mL administered over a 30-min period every 3 weeks, combined with temozolomide or albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) in four patients with ARMM. Temozolomide was administered orally once per day at a dosage of 200 mg/m2/d for five consecutive days about every 4 weeks. Nab-paclitaxel was administered at a dosage of 200mg/m2/d once about every 3 weeks. Among four patients with a median follow-up of 8.9 months, two cases showed Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) amplification. Case 1 with Stage II ARMM showed pathological complete response after four cycles of TAI with pembrolizumab combined with nab-paclitaxel. Case 4 was at Stage II and showed stable disease consistently throughout the treatment. Case 2 was at stage II and Case 3 was at stage III, and they showed partial response after four or three cycles, respectively, of TAI with pembrolizumab combined with temozolomide. No Grades 3–4 adverse reactions were observed. Therefore, a combination of TAI with pembrolizumab and temozolomide or with nab-paclitaxel appears to be a promising option for treating ARMM. However, multicenter clinical trials are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of this procedure

Methylophiopogonanone A, an Ophiopogon homoisoflavonoid, alleviates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia: assessment of its potential mechanism

Methylophiopogonanone A (MO-A), a homoisoflavonoid extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus, has been shown to attenuate myocardial apoptosis and improve cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the hypolipidemic effects remain unknown. This study was performed to investigate a potential hypolipidemic effect of MO-A in hyperlipidemia rats, as well as its underlying mechanism of action. A rat model of hyperlipidemia was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Animals were randomly divided into three groups (n=8/group): normal control group (NC), HFD group, and HFD+MO-A (10 mg·kg-1·d-1) treatment group. The effects of MO-A on serum lipids, body weight, activity of lipoprotein metabolism enzyme, and gene expression of lipid metabolism were evaluated in HFD-induced rats. In HFD-induced rats, pretreatment with MO-A decreased the body weight gain and reduced serum and hepatic lipid levels. In addition, pretreatment with MO-A improved the activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in serum and liver, down-regulated mRNA expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, and up-regulated mRNA expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in the liver. Our results indicated that MO-A showed strong ability to ameliorate the hyperlipidemia in HFD-induced rats. MO-A might be a potential candidate for prevention of overweight and dyslipidemia induced by HFD.

Big data analysis of patients with periodontitis and factors influencing treatment behavior / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To study patient-related information and factors altering their decision making in periodontal treatment and treatment behavior via big data analysis of the electronic medical records and to guide better dental care service and improve periodontal treatment. @*Methods@# A retrospective study was performed in patients with periodontitis who visited the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Tongji University from 2014 to 2016. Based on the periodontal sequence treatment procedure, the treatment types were divided into six groups and were analyzed using multivariable regression analysis. Chi-square test was performed according to gender and age.@*Results@#Age, payment method, disease severity, exhibited statistically significant differences regarding their effects on patients’ treatment behavior (P ＜ 0.05). Men were more likely to have severe periodontitis than women (male 41.04%; female 31.85%), and use medical insurance more often as payment method (male 86.14%; female 83.74%) (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with the population under 35 years old, moderate and severe periodontitis accounted for a larger proportion (84.58%) in the population over 35 years old. The compliance of the population over 35 years old was poor. Less follow-up reviews were conducted (17.10%) and medical insurance was less often used (49.65%) in this population. The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Moderate and severe periodontitis accounted for a larger proportion in the population over 35 years old. Patients over 35 years old tend to choose simpler treatments with lower compliance and frequency of revisits. This situation may be related to the lower proportion of medicare use in this population. The awareness and compliance of periodontal treatment protocols in people over 35 years old needs to be improved.

A prognostic nomogram for ER/PR+ and HER2- breast cancer patients based on classical immunohistochemical index / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# Objective: To modify traditional prognostic model for patients with ER/PR+, HER2- breast cancer to meet the actual requirements in current clinical practice. Methods: 335 patients with ER/PR+, HER2- breast cancer, who were admitted in Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Huangpu Center Hospital from January 2009 to December 2009, were enrolled in this study. 97 variables were incorporated into the model, using SCAD variable selection method, after fully considering whether covariates existing a log-linear relationship, reasonable determination of the cut-off value of the covariates in non-logarithmic linear relationship (piecewise linear relationship) and collinear and interaction, then we set up a new Cox regression prognostic model for traditional ER/PR+, HER2-type breast cancer patients with traditional immunohistochemical indicators, and further establish its nomogram model. On this basis, a nomogram of the survival probability of 1-, 3-, and 5- years after surgery was established; The discrimination and calibration of model were compared to evaluate the predictive ability of the model. Results: The Cox regression model shows that the prognosis of patients are associated with the histologic grade, lymph node metastasis, Ki67, PR and age etc. Among them, the histologic grade and lymph node metastasis have log-linear relationship with prognosis; Ki67, PR and age have non-log-linear relationship with prognosis and the reasonable cut-off values are Ki67(60%)，PR（20%）and age（55 years old） . Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve（AUC）of this Cox model for 1-, 3- and 5- year survival after surgery are all above 0.85, indicating high discrimination. The Grønnesby-Borgan goodness-of-fit test statistics of this model is 1.37 with P>0.05, indicating good calibration. Conclusion: The modified nomogram.could accurately, directly and effectively predict the survival probability of patients, which may exert good guidance for the clinical practice for patients with breast cancer.

Meta-analysis of Influencing Factors ofF-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake of Brown Adipose Tissue in PET/CT Imaging / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the influencing factors ofF-Fluorodeoxyglucose(F-FDG) uptake of brown adipose tissue(BAT) in PET/CT imaging by performing meta-analysis.Methods Relevant articles published between 1980 and 2016 were searched in PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,CBM,WanFang Data,CNKI,and VIP.The factors of gender,season and age were extracted according to the inclusive criteria.Meta-analysis was performed to analyze the factors.Results The merger OR value and 95% CI ofF-FDG uptake of BAT with gender,age,season were 2.67 (2.30-3.11),2.17 (1.38-3.39),and 15.35 (4.72-49.95) respectively.TheF-FDG uptake rate of BAT was 2.16 times in females as that in males,8.67 times in the minors as that in the adults,and 1.94 times in winter as that in summer.Conclusion Gender,season,and age are risk factors forF-FDG uptake of BAT.

Correlation between JAK2-V617F mutations and variation of peripheral blood cells among BCR/ABL-negative MPD patients / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the correlation between JAK2-V617F mutation and complete blood counts among patients with BCR/ABL-negative myeloproliferative diseases (MPD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and ninety one patients were recruited. Retrospectively, their laboratory data were analyzed for the counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT). And the incidence of JAK2-V617F mutation was determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was significant difference in the incidence of JAK2-V617F mutation between patients with different cell counts (P< 0.01). The incidence of JAK2-V617F mutation has increased with the counts of RBC and PLT, which was the highest (92.86%) among those featuring simultaneous increase in all three series.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence of JAK2-V617F mutation seems to be strongly associated with variation of peripheral blood cell counts among patients with BCR/ABL-negative MPD. Variation of peripheral blood cells, particularly RBC, may be correlated with the rate of JAK2-V617F mutation.</p>

Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation in non-small cell lung cancer by allele-specific oligonucleotide-PCR and bi-loop probe specific primer quantitative PCR / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the detection sensitivity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations between allele specific oligonucleotide PCR (ASO-PCR) and bi-loop probe and specific primer quantitative PCR (BPSP-qPCR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 96 non-small cell lung cancer specimens were selected from West China Hospital from September 2009 to December 2010. ASO-PCR was developed to detect the presence of classical EGFR mutations. A total 39 available specimens were also tested by BPSP-qPCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EGFR mutation detection rate was 30.2% (26/96) by ASO-PCR. The mutation rate was higher in female than in male patients [45.5% (20/44) vs. 17.3% (9/52), P = 0.003], non-smokers than smokers [44.1% (26/59) vs. 8.1% (3/37), P < 0.001] and adenocarcinomas than other subtypes of lung cancer [37.0% (27/73) vs. 8.7% (2/23), P = 0.01]. Among mutation negative cases by ASO-PCR, BPSP-qPCR increased the rate of detection of 19-del and L858R mutation by 10.3% (4/39) in adenocarcinomas and non-smoking subset. Overall, the mutation detection rate of BPSP-qPCR was higher than that of ASO-PCR [66.7% (26/39) vs. 41.0% (16/39), P = 0.02].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BPSP-qPCR has a better detection sensitivity than that of ASO-PCR.</p>

Ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction-mediated gene delivery system: application to therapy for ocular disease.

Background: Ocular disorders have greatest potential for benefit from gene therapy. The major obstacle in the clinical application of gene therapy is not due to the lack of an ideal gene, but rather the lack of a clinically safe and efficient gene transfer method. Ultrasound (US) targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD)-mediated gene delivery system as a noninvasive gene transfer method is now widely used in gene therapy of cardiovascular disease, muscular tissue, and tumor, and proved to effectively enhance gene transfer in various studies in vitro and in vivo. However, it is just the beginning of application for ophthalmological disease. Objective: Review the latest advancements in UTMD-mediated ocular gene transfection and discuss mechanisms of UTMD involved in gene transfection, obstacles, and limitations to the use of this technology, as well as the perspectives for future applications of UTMD-mediated gene delivery system. Methods: Summarize published literature concerning UTMD-mediated ocular gene transfection. Results: UTMD is an effective and safe gene delivery method of therapy for ocular diseases. Considerable progress has been made in US or UTMD-mediated viral and nonviral ocular gene delivery to retina, like recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and nanoparticles as nonviral gene carriers. In addition, UTMD has potential for producing the blood-retinal barrier opening and serves as a promising method for intravenous ocular gene delivery. Conclusion: UTMD-mediated gene delivery system could effectively enhance gene transfer into ocular tissue. Though several problems remain to be solved, UTMD is a promising technology for the targeted gene therapy of ocular disease.

Association of TGF-β1 , IL-4 and IL-13 gene polymerphisms with asthma in a Chinese population.

Background: Asthma is a common respiratory disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. It has been suggested that TGF-β1, IL-4 and IL-13 play important roles in asthma. Objectives: We attempted to confirm the roles of TGF-β1, IL-4 and IL-13 polymorphisms in asthma in a Chinese population. Methods: Five SNPs (rs1800469, rs2241712, rs2070874, rs20541 and rs1800925) in TGF-β1, IL-4 and IL-13 were genotyped using the MassArray SNP genotyping system. Allelic and genotypic associations between these SNPs and asthma were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: The CT genotype of rs1800469 and T allele of rs20541 were significantly associated with asthma. Among atopic subjects, the CT genotype of rs1800469 and GA genotype of rs2241712 decreased the risk of asthma, while the CC genotype of rs2070874 showed a decreasing trend of asthma risk with a borderline significance. No significant association was found between rs1800925 and asthma. Conclusion: In the present study, we confirmed the association of rs1800469 in TGF-β1 and rs20541 in IL-13 with asthma and found a trend toward association between rs2241712 in TGF-β1 and rs2070874 in IL-4 with asthma among atopic subjects, suggesting TGF-β1, IL-4 and IL-13 may be associated with the susceptibility and development of asthma in this Chinese population.

GenoType MTBDRplus assay for rapid detection of rifampin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sichuan / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the molecular and epidemic characteristics of rifampin (RFP) and isoniazid (INH) resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in Sichuan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>GenoType reg; MTBDRplus Assay GTplus was used to examine 68 clinical isolates of MTB and 105 clinical specimens for mutations in rpoB, katG and inhA genes related to RFP and INH resistance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 151 valid tests obtained, 44 (29.14%) and 26 (17.22%) showed drug resistance and multidrug resistance, respectively. Resistance to RFP and INH was found in 21.85% (33/151) and 24.50% (37/151) of the samples, respectively. The most prevalent mutations were rpoB S531L, katG S315T1 and inhA C-15T. The multidrug resistance rate in the sputum specimens was significantly higher than that in the non-respiratory samples (19.35% vs 7.41%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Drug-resistant, especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is highly prevalent in Sichuan. The multidrug-resistant bacteria most frequently show rpoB S531L combined with katG S315T1 mutations, suggesting the necessity of developing rapid clinical identification methods for drug-resistant MTB to control the spread of the resistant strains.</p>

TMTP1, a Novel Tumor-homing Peptide, Specifically Targets Hematological Malignancies and Their Metastases / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

TMTP1,a 5-amino acid peptide NVVRQ,obtained by using the flagella peptide library screening in our previous studies,can be used for the labeling of malignant in situ and metastatic lesions,and even micro-metastases.In this study,TMTP1 was assessed for its ability to specifically target the malignant hematopoietic cells and metastatic lesions of hematological malignancies.FITC-TMTP 1 was chemically synthesized.Immunofluorescence assay and competitive test were carried out to determine the specific binding capacity of TMTPI to hematological malignant cell lines,including HL60,k562,SHI-1,Jurkat,Raji,El-4 and umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells.Mononuclear cells were isolated from the bone marrow of healthy subjects and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.Then the cells were co-clutured with TMTP1 or scrambled peptides and the binding and affinity of TMTP1 peptide to the primary cells of hematological malignancies were flow cytometrically analyzed.The binding specificity of TMTP 1 to target hematological malignancies was measured in vivo by intravenous injection of FITC-conjugated TMTP1 into El-4 lymphoma-bearing mice.The results showed that TMTP1 specifically bound to the cells of a series of hematological malignancies,including HL60,k562,Jurkat,Raji,El-4 and chronic myeloid leukemia primary cells but not to bone marrow mononuclear cells from healthy subjects.By contrast,TMTP1 could bind to the metastatic foci of lymphoma originating from the EL-4 cell line while the scrambled peptide failed to do so.Moreover,the occult metastases could be identified,with high specificity,by detecting FITC-TMTP1.We are led to conclude that TMTP1,as a novel tumor-homing peptide,can serve as a marker for primary malignant and metastatic lesions for the early diagnosis of hematological malignances and a carrier of anticancer drugs for cancer treatment.

Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer using bi-loop probe specific primer quantitative PCR / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the sensitivity of bi-loop probe and specific primer quantitative PCR (BPSP-qPCR) in the detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BPSP-qPCR was employed to examine the presence of mutations of EFGR exon 19 through 21. Correlation of the mutations with clinicopathological characteristics and types of tumor samples were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the cohort of 265 specimens, 30.2% (80/265) mutations were found to be 19-del and/or L858R. Females (39.7%, 31/78), non-smokers (41.0%, 43/105) and adenocarcinoma patients (37.8%, 51/135) had a higher mutation rate (P<0.05) among 184 patients whose profiles were available. T790M combined with 19-del and/or L858R accounted for 3.3% (6/184) of the mutations. Male metastatic tumors (29.6%, 8/27), pleural fluids of females (42.9%, 9/21) and non-smokers (40.7%, 11/27) were found to have higher percentage of 19-del and/or L858R mutations, in contrast, no mutations were found in the metastatic lesions of non-adenocarcinoma patients (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BPSP-qPCR is a robust method in detection of EGFR mutations with high consistency and sensitivity. The difference of EGFR mutations in primary tumors, metastatic lesions and pleural fluids suggests that EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) treatment may have variable treatment effects depending on the tumor sites.</p>

Irradiation at 635/670nm in 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy: The anti-tumor effect / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To increase the anti-tumor effect of 5-ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy, PDT was performed at 635nm followed by an additional irradiation at 670nm, and the effectiveness was studied. Methods PDT was performed at single irradiation (635nm or 670nm), and symphysial irradiation (635nm+670nm), and its effectiveness was studied using PpIXsolutions, tumor cells (9L and HeLa), andHeLa tumor-bearing mice. Results When a Pp IX solution was irradiated at 635 nm or 670nm, singlet oxygen counts were almost similar. Symphysial irradiation -mediated singlet oxygen generation was higher in 9L cells than HeLa cells and it did not produce an additional PDT effect in HeLa tumors. Conclusion It was suggested as the low uptake of 5-ALA in HeLa cells, and the symphysial irradiation can't increase the anti-tumor effects in 5-ALA-mediated PDT. Further study is necessary to obtain the irradiation method for the efficient application of PDT.

Effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms 869 T/C and 915 G/C in the exon 1 locus of transforming growth factor-beta1 gene on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility in Chinese / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The main risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is cigarette smoking. However, only 10% - 20% of chronic heavy smokers develop systematic COPD. We hypothesized that the inheritance of gene polymorphisms could influence the development of COPD, which was investigated by studying two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in exon 1 of the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We enrolled 219 patients with COPD as the research group and 148 healthy people as the control group, all of whom were Chinese Han people. The polymorphisms of the TGF-beta1 gene, 869T/C and 915G/C, were analyzed using the method of amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The occurrence of the TGF-beta1 gene 869T/C polymorphism in patients with COPD was significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05), in which the relative risk of this disease increased in cases who had the C allele (OR: 1.131, 95%CI: 1.101 - 1.539). There was no increased frequency of TGF-beta1 915G/C gene in COPD patients compared with control subjects (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The polymorphism 869T/C in TGF-beta1 gene has a significant association with disease occurrence in COPD patients and the C allele might be a risk factor. The homozygous wild-type CC of 869T/C on TGFbeta1 could be a predisposing factor in COPD and those who carry the C allele might have particularly susceptibility to developing COPD.</p>

Analysis of the genetic polymorphism of 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci in the Han population in Chengdu / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To obtain the population genetic data of 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) in the Han population in Chengdu of Sichuan Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 17 Y-STR loci were amplified from the blood samples of 111 unrelated Chengdu Han individuals using the AmpFlSTR Yfiler system. The PCR products were genotyped with an ABI 3130 genetic analyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the loci of in DYS456, DYS389I, DYS390, DYS389II, DYS458, DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS393, DYS391, DYS439, DYS635, DYS392, Y-GATA-H4, DYS437, DYS438, and DYS448, 3 to 8 alleles were detected in the Han population in Chengdu, and 36 alleles were detected in the locus DYS385a/b, with the minimal gene diversity (GD) value of 0.3970 (DYS391) and maximal value of 0.9561 (DYS385a/b). The DNA samples of 16 women and 7 different species of animals were amplified, but no specific products were found for the 17 Y-STR loci. No mutations of the 17 Y-STR alleles were observed in 20 father-son pairs as confirmed by autosomal STR analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 17 Y-STR loci are highly polymorphic and are suitable for personal identification, paternity testing, population genetics and anthropology studies.</p>

Association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-gamma gene with rheumatoid arthritis in Sichuan Province of China / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of the Pro12Ala variant in peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) gene with rheumatoid arthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The genotypes of the Pro12Ala variant in the PPAR gamma gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 421 unrelated subjects of the Han population in the Sichuan Province of China, including 207 subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and 214 subjects without the disease. The clinical data were also collected and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The allele frequencies in the case and control groups were 98.79%, 95.79% for allele P and 1.21%, 4.21% for allele A; the genotype frequencies were 97.58% and 91.59% for PP, 2.42% and 8.41% for PA, and 0 for AA. The A allele frequency was much lower in the RA group than that in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The above data showed that the Pro12Ala variant of the PPAR gamma was associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The A allele might be a protective factor for RA. The Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR gamma gene in Sichuan Han population is similar to that in other populations in China, but different from that in European and American populations.</p>

Patterns and characteristics of brown adipose tissue uptake of 18F-FDG positron emission tomograph/computed tomography imaging / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To characterize the brown adipose tissue (BAT) uptake of 18F-FDG on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1 080 patients who received all whole-body PET/CT studies in Peking Union Medica College Hospital from July 2008 to February 2009.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-one patients (3.8%) were identified to be with BAT uptake, especially during cold seasons. BAT uptake was mostly observed at the neck regions symmetrically (n = 39), and was also seen at paravertebral junctions (n = 30), perinephric regions (n = 21), and mediastinum (n = 10). Patients with BAT uptake had significantly lower male/female ratio (P = 0.0030), younger age (P = 0.0001), and less body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0415). Three patients with high BAT uptake underwent repeat PET/CT scans 3-7 days later. By keeping warm and full relaxation, BAT uptake disappeared in 2 cases and dramatically decreased in the other case.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BAT uptake commonly occurs during cold seasons in Beijing, especially in young females with low BMI. It usually has specific patterns, and can be avoided or remarkably reduced by asking the patients keep warm and full relaxation a few days before the scanning.</p>

Characteristics of physiological uptake of uterus and ovaries on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the characteristics of the physiological uptake of uterus and ovaries on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 288 PET examinations performed in 247 women (164 with malignancies, 44 with benign diseases, and 39 without remarkable abnormality) were included for analysis, and clinical follow-ups were applied for at least 10 months to exclude pelvic diseases. The menstrual statuses, menstrual cycles, and related pelvic examinations with other modalities were inquired before each PET examination. PET scanning was performed from pelvis to neck with a Siemens ECAT EXACT HR + system. The uptake levels of uterus and ovaries were set as intense, moderate, and mild by comparing to liver uptake.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 116 patients (131 examinations ) with regular menstruation, the endometrial uptake, usually in inverted cone shape surrounded by relatively low-uptake uterine wall, was observed with two peaks in the early menstrual flow phase and in the mid-cycle respectively; the ovarian uptake was more prominent in the mid-cycle, with the foci of uptake in ovoidal shape and located at the left and/or right side superior-posterior to the bladder. From the early menstrual flow phase to the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycles, the probabilities of mild uptake in both endometrium and ovaries were 7%, 86%, 80%, 58%, 20%, 40%, 64%, and 59%, respectively, indicating that the late menstrual flow phase and the early proliferative phase had the least probability of intense or moderate uptake. No intense uptake was observed in the 17 patients (19 examinations) presenting remarkably irregular menstrual cycle, 112 patients (136 studies) in menopause for 3 months to 39 years, and 2 patients without menstruation yet. Only one patient within 1 year of menopause and a 14-year-old girl expected to start menstruation showed mild to moderate uptake in the endometrium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The physiological endometrial and ovarian uptakes have specific shapes and positions on 18F-FDG PET images, which correlates well with the menstrual phases.</p>

Identification of sarcosaphagous flies by analyses the sequence of 16S rDNA / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To solve the difficulties of identification of Sarcosaphagous flies such as Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) which could not be identified by analyzing the 278bp and 635 bp regions of the gene encoding for cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II (CO I and CO II) in mtDNA.@*METHODS@#Specimens were collected from the corpses of rabbits on the grassland in Huhhot and Chengdu, the sequences of 551 bp region of 16S rDNA of their mtDNA were analyzed, the multiple-alignment program DNAMAN(version 4.0) and MEGA 2.1 sofeware were employed for sequence alignments neighbour-joining tree construction.@*RESULTS@#Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) were distinguished successfully by sequence analysis of The 551 bp region of the gene of 16S rDNA.@*CONCLUSION@#The 551 bp region of the gene of 16S rDNA of sarcosaphagous flies can be used for identifying them on species level effectively. It is likely to be a successful compliment to identify the sarcosaphagous flies by sequence analysis of CO I and CO II in mtDNA.

Constructing standard allelic ladders for four short tandem repeat loci and employing them in a population study on Han Nationality of Chengdu in China / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To solve the problems in the accuracy and standardization of short tandem repeats-polymerase chain reaction (STR-PCR) typing, the authors adopted the molecular clone technology in producing the standard allelic ladders of D1S1676, D2S2735, D11S1977 and D22S444 loci and applied them in a population study on the Hans in Chengdu, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR was used to produce several different allelic fragments of these loci. PCR products were eluted from the gel and re-amplified by PCR. The purified allelic fragments were then blunt-end subcloned individually into the pGEMR-T plasmid vectors and the recombinant were transfected into competent E.coli DH5alpha TM cells. The results of sequencing confirmed that the size and the construction of the inserts were correct. The recombinant plasmids DNA with the inserts were then used as template for re-amplification to generate the four loci standard ladders.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The authors succeeded in producing large quantity of standard allelic ladder of these four loci, with which the genetic polymorphisms of these loci in Chengdu Han population of China were studied.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is of high value for forensic DNA typing to construct standard ladders. D1S1676, D2S2735 loci are robust for forensic analysis in Chinese Han population, whereas the value of D11S1977 and D22S444 loci is limited.</p>