ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relation between clinical-pathological features,Siewert classification and prognosis of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) carcinoma,and to assess the applicability of the new edition of American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) staging guideline on EGJ adenocarcinoma in China.Methods From 2002 to 2012,the clinical data,pathological features,treatment and prognosis of 218 patients with EGJ malignant tumor were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were typed according to Siewert classification criteria and each case was staged according to 7th edition of AJCC TNM staging criteria for esophagus adenocarcinoma and gastric cancer.Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were performed for survival analysis.Results According to the Siewert classification,type Ⅰ was rare (nine cases,4.1％),type Ⅱ was the most common type (150 cases,68.8％) and followed by type Ⅲ (59 cases,27.1％).There was no significant difference in survival curve among the three types (P＞0.05).The survival curve was drawn according to 7th edition of AJCC TNM staging criteria for esophagus adenocarcinoma.In T staging,the prognosis of patients at T4b was better than that of patients at T4a,the prognosis of patients at ⅡB was better than that of patients at ⅡA.The survival curve of patients at Ⅲ C obviously crossed with that of patients at Ⅳ,which was not in conformity with clinical results.The survival curve was drawn according to 7th edition of AJCC staging criteria for gastric cancer.In T staging,the survival curve of patients at Tis was overlapped with that of patients at T1a.The survival rate of patients at ⅡB could not be accurately predicted by the overall staging.In general,the survival of patients with EGJ carcinoma was better predicted according to 7th edition of AJCC staging criteria for gastric cancer than 7th edition for esophagus adenocarcinoma.Conclusions Neither 7th edition of AJCC staging criteria for esophagus adenocarcinoma nor for gastric cancer could accurately predict its prognosis.In our country,EGJ malignant tumor was similar to gastric cancer and had specific clinical-pathological features.It is necessary to research and establish EGJ carcinoma staging criteria instead of applying the current staging criteria for esophagus adenocarcinoma or gastric cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the histopathological features of 850 patients with esophageal malignant tumor in 10 years.Methods From January 2002 to January 2012, 850 patients diagnosed with esophageal malignant tumor were enrolled.Tumor location, general type, pathological type and TNM stage were retrospectively analyzed.All the data were described as case number and percentage.Results Among the 850 cases of esophageal malignant tumor, 33 lesions (3.9％) located in the neck segment of esophagus, 119 lesions (14.0％) located in the upper segment, 44 lesions (5.2 ％) located in the upper-middle segment, 409 lesions (48.1％) located in the middle segment, 123 lesions (14.5 ％) located in the middle-lower segment, 122 lesions (14.4％) located in the lower segment.Among the 724 eases clearly diagnosed as esophageal malignant tumor by general type, the most cases were ulcer type (305 cases, 42.1％), followed by medulla type (260 cases, 35.9％), fungating type (80 cases, 11.0％) and constrictive type (70 cases, 9.7％), and the least cases were intraluminal type (nine cases, 1.2％).Among the 850 cases of esophageal malignant tumor, squamous cell carcinoma (794 cases, 93.4 ％) was the most common cytological type, followed by small cell carcinoma (19 eases, 2.2％), and the least common cytological type was adenocarcinoma (seven cases, 0.8 ％).Among the 724 cases with clear TNM staging, case number of Tis, T1, T2, T3 and T4 stage was eight (1.1％), six (0.8％), 271 (37.4％), 278 (38.4％) and 161 (22.2％), respectively.Among the 122 cases of distal esophageal carcinomas (104 cases with clear TNM staging), most cases were squamous cell carcinoma (112 cases, 91.8 ％), the others cases were adenocarcinoma (three cases, 2.5 ％), small cell carcinoma (three cases, 2.5 ％), basaloid squamous cell, adenosquamous, neuroendocrine carcinomas and carcinosarcoma (one case in each type, 0.8％).Conclusions Esophageal carcinoma was mostly located in the middle segment of in which squamous cell carcinoma was predominant while adenocarcinoma was less common.Esophageal cancer located at lower segment of esophagus is with a wide range of pathological spectrum, squamous cell carcinoma was still dominant, however, esophageal adenocarcinoma is rare.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with acute pancreatitis (AP) .Methods From January 1999 to December 2013 ,the clinical data of 16 patients with SLE complicated with AP among the total 2 526 cases of SLE was collected .A retrospective analysis was performed and the clinical data of patients was classified and documented ,which included general information ,past history ,clinical symptoms , laboratory findings ,imaging findings ,treatment and outcome .The rank sum test was performed for analysis of non‐normal distributed measurement data ,and the Fisher′s exact test was used for count data analysis .Results The incidence of SLE complicated with AP was 0 .63% (16/2 526) .Among them ,ten patients were mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and six patients were severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) .All patients were treated with fasting ,gastrointestinal decompression ,nutritional support ,anti‐acid ,anti‐inflammatory ,glucocorticoid and somatostatin and so on . Six patients were cured , seven patients improved and three patients died (two SLE complicated with SAP ,one SLE complicated with MAP) . Compared with the SLE patients complicated with SAP ,the SLE patients complicated with MAP were more easily to have lupus nephritis(6/6 versus 5/10 ,Fisher′s exact test) ,hematological system injuries (6/6 versus 5/10 ,Fisher′s exact test) ,liver injuries (5/6 versus 0/10 ,Fisher′s exact test) ,more organs involved (mean 7 versus 3 ,Z= -3 .225) and higher SLE disease active indexes (DAI) score (mean 13 .5 versus 6 .5 ,Z= -2 .876);the differences were statistically significant (all P<0 .05) .Compared with the cured and improved SLE patients complicated with AP ,lupus encephalopathy (2/3 versus 1/13 ,Fisher′s exact test) ,more organs involved (mean 7 versus 5 ,Z= -2 .276) and higher SLE DAI score (mean 21 versus 12 ,Z= -2 .195) was more common in dead SLE patients complicated with AP;the differences were statistically significant (all P< 0 .05) .Conclusions SLE patients complicated with SAP are more easily to get lupus nephritis ,hematological system injuries ,liver injuries ,activity of SLE and multiple‐organ systems involved . The prognosis of SLE patients complicated with AP was poor in those with activity of SLE ,multiple‐organ involved and lupus encephalopathy .
ABSTRACT
[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To study the process of promoting mouse embryonic stem cells ( ESC) to specify to definitive endoderm by up-regulating of Nodal signal pathway in order to find the best cultivated systems of differentiation of mouse ESC to definitive endoderm cells.METHODS:The cells were divided into different groups based on the culture medium:ESC group ( serum-free medium +LIF) , natural differentiation group ( serum-free medium) and activin A group ( serum-free medium +50μg/L activin A).The cells and the sterilized coverslips with cells were collected at 1, 3, 5 and 7 d of the cultivation.The proportion of CXCR4 +cells was detected by flow cytometry.The expression of CXCR4 was determined by immunocytochemical method, and the protein expression of OCT4 and CXCR4 was detected by Western blot.RE-SULTS:The proportion of CXCR4 +cells showed no dramatic change in ESC group along with the extending of cultivation day, while there were gradually increased in natural differentiation group and activin A group and the highest level was ob-served at 5 d.Among the 3 groups, the proportion of CXCR4 +cells at 5 d was the highest in activin A group.The brown or tan staining in the cells observed under microscope was considered as positive CXCR4 by immunocytochemistry.The pro-tein levels of OCT4 and CXCR4 in ESC group along with the extending of cultivation days was observed.The expression levels of OCT4 were gradually decreased in the cells in natural differentiation group and activin A group, while those of CX-CR4 were gradually increased with the highest level at 5 d.It was highest in the cells in activin A group.CONCLUSION:The proportion of definitive endoderm was the highest at 5 d of the induction during in vitro mouse ESC differentiation.Up-regulation of Nodal signal pathway by adding activin A at the early stage of mouse ESC differentiation promotes mouse ESC to specify to definitive endoderm with CXCR4 molecular marker.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To observe the inhibitory effect of siRNA targeting to Wip1 gene on the Wip1 gene expression in the colon cancer cells and to investigate the influence of Wip1 gene silencing on the chemotherapy sensitivity of colon cancer cells.METHODS:Wip1-811 siRNA targeting to Wip1 gene was transfected into RKO colon cancer cells with high expression of Wip1 gene.The mRNA expression of Wip1 was measured by real-time PCR.The protein level of Wip1 was detected by Western blotting.The viability of RKO colon cancer cells was measured by MTS assay.The cell apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Wip1-811 siRNA efficiently inhibited the expression of Wip1 at mRNA and protein levels.The enhanced chemotherapy sensitivity of RKO colon cancer cells was observed after inhibition of Wip1 gene expression.The viability of RKO colon cancer cells was decreased from (89.4 ±6.6)%to (74.7 ±3.9)%af-ter treated with 5-fluorouracil (P<0.05) and decreased from (77.9 ±2.4)%to (66.7 ±2.9)%after treated with oxali-platin ( P<0.05 ) .The cell apoptotic rate was increased from ( 7.7 ±0.5 )% to ( 12.3 ±3.2 )% and from ( 14.7 ± 2.1)% to (34.0 ±2.1)% when RKO colon cancer cells were treated with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin, respectively (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Wip1 gene silencing enhances chemotherapy sensitivity of colon cancer cells.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical and histopathological features of Barrett esophagus and its related adenocarcinoma as well as the relationship between them.Methods From January 2002 to January 2012,the clinical data of 35 patients with Barrett esophagus,850 patients with esophagus cancer and 218 patients with esophageal-gastric junction cancer were collected,and the histopathological features of all the patients and the follow-up in patients with Barrett esophagus were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 35 patients with Barrett esophagus,six cases(17.1 ％) had specialized intestinal metaplasia and all of them did not develop into esophageal adenocarcinoma or Siewert type Ⅰ esophageal-gastric junction cancer.Among 850 patients with esophageal cancer,794 cases (93.4％) were squamous carcinoma,19 cases (2.2％) were small cell carcinoma,seven cases (0.8％) were adenocarcinoma.And besides,there were adenosquamous carcinoma,basaloid squamous carcinoma,carcinosarcoma,and neuroendocrine carcinoma.Among 218 patients with esophageal gastric junction cancer,nine cases (4.1％) were Siewert type Ⅰ,150 cases (68.8％) were Siewert type Ⅱ,59 cases (27.1％) were Siewert type Ⅲ.A total of 180 cases (82.6％) were adenocarcinoma and others were signet ring cell carcinoma,mucous adenocarcinoma,squamous carcinoma,adenosquamous carcinoma,small cell carcinoma,neuroendocrine carcinoma,carcinoid and spindle cell carcinoma.Conclusions Specialized intestinal metaplasia is rare in patients with Barrett esophagus in China,and the probability of Barrett esophagus developing into adenocarcinoma is low.Barrett esophagus related adenocarcinoma such as esophageal adenocarcinoma and Siewert type Ⅰ esophageal-gastric junction cancer is rare.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the role of side population ( SP) cells in multidrug resistance of colon cancer cells and microRNA biomarkers of SP cells in colon cancer cells .METHODS:SP cells in colon cancer cells were sorted by flow cytometry .The cell viability was measured by MTT method .MicroRNA expression profiles were detected by mi-croRNA chip.MicroRNA expression was verified by real-time PCR.RESULTS:The ratios of SP cells in HCT-15, HT-29 and LoVo colon cancer cell lines were 16.75%, 13.02%and 9.52%, respectively.In all 3 colon cancer cell lines, IC50 of the antitumor drugs including 5-fluorouracil , oxaliplatin and adriamycin for the SP cells were significantly higher than those for non-SP cells (P<0.05).MicroRNA profiling showed that miR-5000-3p, miR-5009-3p and miR-552 were all up-regulated in the SP cells of all 3 colon cancer cell lines .This result was verified by real-time PCR.CONCLUSION:miR-5000-3p, miR-5009-3p and miR-552 are all up-regulated in the SP cells of colon cancer cell lines , and may be the poten-tial microRNA biomarkers of SP cells in colon cancer .
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Weikangning (WKN) containing serum on growth and cell cycle regulators of gastric cancer cell.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>WKN containing drug serum was prepared by gastric perfusion of WKN in different dosages to SD rats. Gastric cancer cells were cultured in medium contained the drug serum with different concentrations of WKN. The change of cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry, and the mRNA and protein expressions of CyclinD2, CyclinE, Cyclin-dependant kinase2 (CdK2), Cdk4, Cdk6 and p16(INK4a), p27(KIP1) were detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC) SABC method and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After WKN intervention, the cancer cells were constrained in stage G0/G1, unable or retardatory to enter stage G (namely, the DNA synthesis stage). IHC examination showed the grey scale values of CyclinD2, CyclinE, Cdk2, Cdk4 and Cdk6 were higher, and that of p27(KIP1) and p16(INK4a) were lower in cells after moderate/high dosage WKN intervention than those in the blank control (P < 0.01); RT-PCR showed the OPTD values of CyclinD2, CyclinE, Cdk2, Cdk4 and Cdk6 were lower, and that of p27(KIP1) and p16(INK4a) were higher in cells after moderate/high dosage WKN intervention than those in the blank control (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>WKN can inhibit the expressions of cell cycle promoting related factors of gastric cancer cell, including CyclinD2, CyclinE, Cdk2, Cdk4 and Cdk6, also enhance the expressions of cell cycle inhibiting factors of gastric cancer cell, as p27(KIP1) and p16(INK4a), which may be the mechanism of action of the remedy in preventing the growth of gastric cancer cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Cell Cycle , Cell Cycle Proteins , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Serum , Chemistry , Stomach Neoplasms , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To establish the method of suspension culture for stem cells from human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1.Methods PANC1 cells were cultured in serum-free medium under floating-culture system.Tumor cell spheres were observed by optical microscope.Expression of CD133 and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry.Cancer stem cells were induced to differentiate with 10%FBS,and expression of CK18,was evaluated with immunofluorescence microscope.Spheres cells were injected into the subcutaneous space of NOD/SCID rat and tumor formation was monitored weekly.Results PANC1 cells could form the stem cells spheres,and the rate of sphere formation was stable between 4%0 and 5%0 after 20 passages in vitro.The expression of CD133(5.91±0.7%)and proportion of G0/G1 phase cell(80.99±2.60%)was significantly increased in spheres cells compared with parental PANC1 cells(1.44±0.52%and 69.01±5.03%),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).When these spheres cells were cultured in media with serum,these cells gradually returned to the status of parental cells and expressed CK18,2×103 sphere cells injection could initiate tumor fornmtion in NOD/SCID rat.Conclusions Tumor spheres stem cellscould be generated under serum-free floating-culture system.The sphere cells possessed the capacities of self renew,difierentiation,and tumorigenic potential.
ABSTRACT
Objective To isolate and identify side population (SP) cells like cancer stem cell from human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990, for the purpose of further evaluation of their biological characteristics. Methods Cell suspension was stained with Hoechst 33342 and PI. Then SP cells were analyzed in the fluorescence activated cell sorter. Cell growth viability was measured by MTT. Stem cell marker CD133 was determined by flow cytometry. Cloning forming efficiency was determined by cloning plating. Expression of ABCG2 protein was detected by Western blot analysis. Results The proportion of SP cells was 2.7%, however it could be completely blocked by verapamil. 9 days later, the value of A492 of SP cells was 2.1, the cloning forming efficiency was (38.7 ± 6.8) % , the positive rate of CD133 was 69.63%, which were significantly higher than cells 0. 5, ( 15.5 ± 2.8)%, 16.71% of corresponding non-SP( P <0.05). The expression of ABCG2 in SP cells was significantly higher than that in non-SP cells. Conclusions SP cells existed in human pancreatic cancer cells SW1990.
ABSTRACT
Objective To research the effects of short-term intensive insulin treatment on regaining the sensitivity of sulfonylureas in diabetes patients. Methods Thirty patients from outpatient and emergency department,including 12 male and 18 female,who took regular-dose sulfonylureas but was high blood glucose level,were selected to suspend the sulfonylureas treatment and were given the BIAsp30 to control the blood glucose level for three months,then they were stopped the BIAsp30 and took the same sulfonylureas used before.Results The average fasting blood glucose(FBG) was(9.4?7.5)mmol/L and the average postprandial 2 h blood glucose(PG2h)(or random blood glucose) was(14.2?7.2)mmol/L in 3 months before stopping the sulfonylureas.The average FBG was(5.7?0.7)mmol/L and PG2h was(7.2?1.4)mmol/L at the beginning of the insulin getting the blood glucose under control.The average FBG was(6.0?0.8)mmol/L and PG2h was (7.8?1.2)mmol/L during the insulin treatment.The average FBG was(6.1?0.6)mmol/L and PG2 h was(7.7?1.3)mmol/L at the end of the insulin treatment.The average FBG was(6.5?0.5)mmol/L and PG2h was(8.1?(0.8))mmol/L when continuing the sulfonylureas treatment in one months.It increased significantly to compare the blood glucose before the treatment of insulin to that after the treatment of insulin(P
ABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of ulinastatin on rats with hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: A prospective, controlled animal study was designed. The model of hemorrhagic shock in rats was produced by Chaudry method. After 60 min, rats were resuscitated by transfusion of shed blood and normal saline, but a half of them were treated with ulinastatin. At different time points after reperfusion, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were detected. RESULTS: The levels of TNF-?, IL-6 and MDA significantly increased and the activity of SOD decreased. In the ulinastatin-treated groups, the blood pressure and heart rate were obviously improved; the levels of TNF-?, IL-6 and MDA significantly decreased and the activity of SOD had little change after hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion. CONCLUSION: Ulinastatin has a protection effect on rats with hemorrhagic shock by suppressing the production of inflammatory factors and reducing oxidative damage.