Therapeutic efficacy of a cysteine proteases inhibitor [phenyl vinyl sulfone] either alone or combined with nigella sativa on experimental cryptosporidiosis

The present study evaluated the efficacy of a cysteine protease inhibitor [PVS] either alone or combined with Nigella sativa in treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice. Seventy two mice were divided equally into eight groups: a normal control group [G1]. Other received dexamethasone to induce immunosuppression [G2] acted as a dexamethasone immunosuppressed control. Six immunosuppressed groups were inoculated with infective dose of Cryptosporidum oocycts: [G3] infected control, [G4 and G5] treated with PVS alone in a dose of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg respectively, [G6 and G7] treated with same dose of PVS and combined with NS 500mg/kg, and [G8] was treated with Paromomycin 250mg/kg. Oocysts shedding were monitored from 2nd to 24th day post-infection. After mice scarification, blood was assessed for hepatorenal drug toxicity. Sections of ileum were subjected to histopathological examination. Mice treated with PVS 100mg/kg combined with NS showed marked improvement with highest significant efficacy [P

Detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA],vancomycin intermediate susceptibility and vancomycin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from tertiary care hospital in Egypt

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [S.aureus] [MRSA] is a major cause of hospital acquired infections. Vancomycin is the first-line of treatment for severe MRSA infections .Elevated vancomycin MICs in MRSA are associated with a risk of vancomycin resistance development and treatment failure

Objectives: This study aimed to detect MRSA, vancomycin-intermediated resistant S. aureus]VISA[ and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus [VRSA] among S. aureus isolates from neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] of Egypt Children's hospital for health insurance

Methodology: 91 S. aureus isolates were recovered from different clinical samples of neonatesand were collected from June 2016 to February 2017methicillin resistance detected by cefoxitin disc [30 µg] and the MIC of vancomycin was determined for MRSA isolates by using E-test

Results: [84.6%] were MRSA .The vancomycin MIC range was 0.38-4 ??g /mL. Two MRSA isolates [2.6 %] were VISA .No vancomycin resistance was detected

Conclusion: the MIC of vancomycin was increased but without development of vancomycin resistance, so efficient infection control measures and antibiotic policy should be adopted in hospital to avoid development of new resistant strains

Parasitic infestation in pediatric and adolescent appendicitis: a local experience

The relationship between parasites and pediatric appendicitis is a highly debatable issue. This study aims to investigate the role of parasitic infestation in the etiology of acute pediatric appendicitis. A retrospective study including 1600 pediatric and adolescent patients who had undergone surgical therapy for a diagnosis of acute appendicitis over a period of ten years from Jan 2001 to Dec 2010. Demographic data were retrieved including the patient's age, sex, clinical data, clinical presentations, laboratory investigations, operative data and pathological findings to identify the presence and type of parasites. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of parasites in the appendix lumen. In group I [n: 88], parasitic infestation was observed, whereas in group II [n: 1502], no parasitic infestation was present. Parasites were present in 5.5% [88 patients], and of those 88 parasitic infestations, 45 [51.1%] were Enterobaisis, 8 [9.1%] were Schistosomiasis, 23 [26.1%] were Ascariasis, 7 [8%] Trichuriasis, and 5 [5.7%] were Teania Saginata. The percentage of patients with suppurative, gangrenous or perforated appendicitis was similar in both groups with no statistical significance, irrespective of the presence or absence of parasitic infestation. The low prevalence of parasites among the appendectomy specimens did not support the notion that parasites were a major cause of appendicitis in pediatric patients

Risk of nasal colonization of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] in tropical medicine department in Ain Shams University Hospitals

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] has been recognized as an important nosocomial pathogen in hospitals worldwide. Infection with MRSA strains is usually preceded by nasal colonization. In order to prevent nosocomial transmission of MRSA, active screening of patients on admission for early detection of the reservoir colonized patients is advised and a targeted approach to the use of contact precaution are essential

Subjects and methods: This study included 2 groups of subjects: Group [A]: 50 patients admitted to the tropical medicine department and Group [B]: 50 health care workers in the hospitals. The included subjects [of both groups], underwent full history taking, laboratory investigations, swabs from anterior nares

Results: MRSA was detected in 11 patients [22%] in group A, the next most detected organism was methicillin-sensitive S. aureus [MSSA] [10 patients, 20%]. On the other hand; MRSA was detected in 2 [4%] of the 50 studied health care workers [HCWs], the commonest organism among health care workers was Diphtheroid [18 HCWs, 36%].Male sex, residence in a rural area, and smoking were significant risk factors for MRSA nasal colonization in patients group

Conclusion: MRSA control programs may be more efficient and cost effective if targeted to patients with these risk factors and when the actual prevalence among the health care workers is well known

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of anogenital group B streptococci colonization in pregnant women: a hospital based study

Although, group B streptococcus [GBS] is usually harmless in healthy pregnant women, it can cause a relatively rare but very serious infection in the newborns. Up to 30% of pregnant females carry GBS in the vagina or rectal area, where they may pass it to their babies during labor. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anogenital colonization by group B streptococci [GBS] and its antibiotic susceptibility in pregnant women attending for routine antenatal care at Kasr Al-Aini Hospital. Anorectal and vaginal swabs were obtained from 150 pregnant women [mean age 28 years] at 35-41 weeks of gestation. The specimens were cultured in standard selective broth medium supplemented with gentamicin and nalidixic acid and subsequently sub-cultured on sheep blood agar. In cases were positive cultures were obtained, antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out and soon after delivery neonatal swabs were obtained to identify vertical transmission. The secondary outcomes that were evaluated were maternal and neonatal complications in GBS positively colonized women. The overall maternal carriage rate of group B streptococci was 26%. GBS colonization rates were significantly higher among multigravid women [P 0.031], with no effect of maternal age on the rate of colonization. All the isolates were susceptible to penicillin and approximately 20% of the isolates showed resistance to Erythromycin and Clindamycin. In view of the high maternal carriage rate, establishing the prevalence of neonatal GBS disease and implementing a protocol aimed at GBS disease detection and prevention is promptly required. In the interim patients with known risk factors for neonatal GBS disease, requires prophylactic intra-partum chemoprophylaxis. Penicillin remains the first line therapy to prevent early-onset neonatal GBS disease and in cases of penicillin allergy susceptibility testing of colonizing strains should be performed

Comparative study between the effect of two different anesthetic methods on outcome of functional endoscopic sinus surgery

This Study compared intravenous anesthesia with traditional balanced anesthesia by subjective assessment of surgical conditions made by the surgeon with respect to the quality of surgical field, blood loss and recovery. 46 consecutive patients were randomly divided and assigned to receive either intravenous anesthesia [IVA] with propofol and remifentanil or with balanced anesthesia [BA] with alfentanil and sevoflurane during functional endoscopic sinus surgery [FESS]. Nitroglycerine infusion was used as hypotensive agent in both groups to keep mean arterial pressure [MAP] between 60 and 70 mm. Hg. The surgeons rated surgical conditions, bleeding from the surgical field and time of surgery for the cases with chronic sinusitis [maxillary and ethmoidal sinusitis]. Patients with massive polypi filling the nasal cavity were excluded from the study. Results of the present study showed that decrease in blood pressure was not different between the two groups, but heart rate was lower in the intravenous anesthesia group [62 beats per mm.] than in balanced anesthesia group [75 beats per min.]. Surgical conditions were rated to be significantly better [P