Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], p53 and Ki-67 in major salivary glands tumors: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study

The parotid gland is the most common site for the uncommon salivary glands tumors. However the immunohistochemical characteristics of the salivary gland tumors, regarding expression of proliferating cell antigens and oncogenes, in relation to their clinical behavior have not been fully clarified. These may provide predictive quantitative measures for the prognosis of salivary neoplasms and may assess in their management. The aim of this study was to detect the immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFr], ki-67 proliferating cell antigen and p53 concoprotein in major salivary glands tumors and also to study the relation between these markers expression and the clinicopathological parameters of these tumors focusing on prognostic factors and tumor differentiation. Thus twelve patients with primary tumors of their major salivary glands were included in this study. They were seven men and five women and ranged in age between 32 to 67 years [mean age=51.7 years]. All patients were treated surgically by complete excision of their masses after preoperative investigations including computed tomographic [CT] scan and fine-needle aspiration biopsy [FNAB] and followed up clinically postoperatively for a period ranging from 11 to 48 months [average =33 months]. The tumor size ranged between 15 and 55 mm [average = 31.2 mm]. The clinicopathologic features and the immunohistochemical expression of EGFr, p53 and ki-67 detected with monoclonal antibodies in these cases were analyzed. The results revealed that 6 cases [50%] showed grade-1 of differentiation while the other 3 cases [75%] were grade-II. None of these cases had cellular pleomorphism, vascular or neural invasion, recurrence, lymph modes or distant metastasis. [5 cut of 6 cases. 83.3%] and in all ALs and MECs with no significant differential expression in the various salivary gland tumors. However, p53 and ki-67 expressions were negative in almost all benign cases [PAs and Als] and positive in all MECs but with no significant difference between grade-1 and grade-II cases. Also, no significant association was found between any of these cell markers and the evaluated clinicopathologic parameters of these tumors regarding tumor location, size, aggressiveness, recurrences, lymh nodes or distant metastasis. In conclusions, there was a high prevalence of EGFr expression in primary salivary glands tumors [either benign or malignant with no significant difference]. However, p53 seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of MECs but not in Pas or Als. Also, the highly significant difference in expression of p53 and ki-67 biomarkers between the benign and the low-grade malignant tumors of the major salivary glands can help to distinguish between them, although they may have similarities in their clinicopatholoogic features

Evaluation of p53, bcl-2 Proteins and DNA Ploidy in Squamous and Transitional Cell Carcinomas of Urinary Bladder

The study covered 33 urinary bladder carcinoma cases, where mutated p53 nuclear protein and bcl-2 gene products were evaluated. Image analysis proved the correlation between genopathologic alterations and DNA ploidy. Immunohistochemistiy technique and Feulgen stain methods were applied to paraffin embedded tissue sections. Squamous cell carcinoma [Squ.C.C.] was diagnosed in 19 biopsies and transitional cell carcinoma [T.C.C.] in 14 biopsies. In Squ.C.C group, 10 cases [52.6%] demonstrated nuclear accumulation of mutated p53 protein with significant correlation to the advanced stage and high grade tumors [p=0.03 and 0.0001, respectively]. On the contrary, cytoplasmic expression of bcl-2 was detected in 7 cases [36.8%]. Dual expression of both biomarkers was observed in 2 cases. In T.C.C group, a single case [7.1%] was positive for p53 nuclear reactivity and S cases [35.7%] demonstrated bcl-2 cytoplasmic expression. In both groups, all p53 positive carcinomas comprised significant correlation to aneuploid histograms of DNA distribution patterns. However, 11 out of 12 bcl-2 positive cases [91.6%] demonstrated poliferative diploid histograms with a wide S-phase. It was concluded that, p53 was significantly expressed in Squ C.C. versus T.C.C. and was associated with advanced stage, high grade and aneuploid DNA. On the other hand, bcl-2 expression displayed insignificant difference in both groups of tumor

Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of human papilloma virus infected skin

Skin specimens from twenty cases of different types of non-venereal warts [common, planter, and filiform warts] and 5 cases of venereal warts were included in this study. In addition eleven specimens of normal individuals were included as control [6 specimens from exposed sites and 5 from unexposed sites. All the patients and controls were clinically examined. The specimens. were prepared for conventional histopathological and immunohistochemical procedures for detection of HLA-DR expression by using Histostain Kit [Zymed Laboratories Inc.]. Our results revealed a highly significant decrease of HLA-DR positive Langerhans' cells [LCs] in cases of non venereal warts when compared to the control specimens obtained from exposed sites [P < 0.001]. Biopsies of venereal warts showed significant increase of HLA-DR positive LCs in comparison to non venereal warts [P < 0.001] but, showed significant decrease in comparison to the control biopsies from non-exposed sites [P < 0.001]. Keratinocytes showed negative reaction to HLA-DR in the control groups, while in non-venereal warts they showed positivity in 10 out of 20 cases [50%] and in the venereal warts they showed positivity in 4 out of 5 cases [80%]. Dermal dendrocytes showed increased reactivity to HLA-DR in both wart groups in comparison to the controls. The endothelial cells of the blood vessels were negative for HLA-DR. Study of the inflammatory components in the lesions revealed infrequent HLA-DR positive lymphocytes intermixed with strongly positive macrophages in both wart groups. In conclusion, human papilioma virus infection of the skin is associated with decrease in the number of HLA-DR positive LCs while keratinocytes and macrophages abnormally showed positive expression. Decline in HLA-DR positive LCs probably reflects LCs migration out of the epidermis and entry into regional lymph nodes leading to antigen presentation and activation of T cells. Interestingly cytoplasmic pigmentation [melanosomes] was undetectable or absent in the basal cell layer at the sites of endophytic wart growth. Human papilloma virus probably blocks the transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to infected keratinocytes