ABSTRACT
Background: Self?reported treatment outcome is a better way to measure patient抯 quality of life (QOL). This study was undertaken to translate dysphagia?specific QOL questionnaire M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) in Marathi language, its linguistic validation, and cross?cultural adaptation in patients of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Methods: After Institutional ethics committee approval, MDADI was translated into Marathi with prior permission from the author of original English questionnaire (AOEQ). The translation procedure included � two forward translations (English to Marathi), formation of first intermediate Marathi translation (FIMT), two back translations (BT) (Marathi to English) of FIMT and interim Marathi translation (IMT) formation. Second intermediate Marathi translation (SIMT) was prepared after face validation of IMT by Marathi subject expert. Pretesting of SIMT was done in 10 patients of HNSCC for linguistic validation and cross?cultural adaptation. After incorporating the patients� suggestions, final Marathi translation was formulated and forwarded to primary author for approval. Results: The grammatically acceptable and conceptually equivalent face?validated SIMT was prepared and given to HNSCC patients. The questionnaire was well understood and unobjectionable reflecting its linguistic validity and cross?cultural adaptation. Some of the patients suggested changes in a few words which were then rectified, rechecked with BT, and the final Marathi translated questionnaire was prepared. The credit statement for AOEQ was used as a footnote in the translated questionnaire. Conclusion: Marathi translation of MDADI is well accepted and comprehensible. It can be used for future studies.
ABSTRACT
Background: Patient reported treatment outcomes is a better way to measure the quality of life (QOL). This study was undertaken to translate the speech handicap index (SHI) and voice handicap index (VHI) in Marathi language and its linguistic validation and cross-cultural adaptation in patients of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Methods: SHI and VHI were translated into Marathi with prior permission from the respective authors of original English questionnaire (RAs). The translation procedure for each tool included two forward translations (English to Marathi), the formation of first intermediate Marathi translation (FIT), two back translations (Marathi to English) of FIT, and interim Marathi translation (IT) formation. The second intermediate Marathi translation (SIT) was prepared after face validation of IT by a subject expert. Pretesting of SIT was done in 20 patients of HNSCC to validate linguistic and cross-cultural adaptation. By incorporating the patient’s suggestions, the final Marathi translation was prepared and sent to primary authors for approval. Results: The grammatically and conceptually acceptable and face validated SIT was prepared and administered to HNSCC patients. The patients of the oral cavity and larynx were in SHI and VHI group, respectively (ten patients in each group). The questionnaire was well understood reflecting its linguistic and cross-cultural adaptation. Some of the patients suggested changes in a few words which were then corrected, rechecked with back translation, and final Marathi translated questionnaire was prepared. It was approved by RAs. Conclusion: Marathi translation of SHI and VHI are well accepted and comprehensible. It can be used for future studies.
ABSTRACT
Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are increasing with advancing age. Various addictions and poor dietary habits are among the major risk factors. Early detection is difficult until patient notices symptoms. Primary prevention by knowing various risk factors and early symptom awareness will help in early diagnosis and better treatment outcome. Objectives: This study is carried out to see various addiction patterns, dietary habits, associated medical problems, and socioeconomic status with various sites involved in GI malignancies, at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Western Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: Prospective questionnaire-based study was carried out for 11 months. A total of 100 diagnosed carcinoma cases of GI tract malignancy were taken for study. Results and Conclusions: Out of total 100 cases, 61 were male and 39 were female. The most common site involved was esophagus (41) followed by rectosigmoid, colon and cecum, stomach, and anal canal (29, 14, 13, and 3, respectively). There were 45% of cases above 60 years of age. The most common addiction was smokeless tobacco. Most of the patients belonged to lower and upper lower class (64%). Majority of cases (81%) were nonvegetarian, only 16% were pure vegetarian. Most of the cases (85%) were in advanced stage of disease (III and IV). Awareness program for harmful effects of various addictions and importance of high-fiber diet (vegetarian diet) will help in health promotion and prevention of various malignancies. Awareness about the early symptoms of GI malignancy will help in early detection of disease and better treatment outcome.