ABSTRACT
Studies on the Myrtaceae family are mainly distributed in floristic surveys, reproductive studies of plant communities or related to family taxonomy. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to elucidate aspects of floral and reproductive biology and, of floral visitors from Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg., a neglected species. Information was obtained on floral morphology and morphometry, anthesis, nectary, and structures attractive to pollinators, characterization of pollinators, receptiveness of stigma and maturing of the androecium components, and characterization of the reproductive system. Sete-capote tree has hermaphrodite flowers, and the floral opening occurs mainly during the daytime. Pollen grains was the main resource offered to pollinators. The flowers had mellow sweet odor, attracting mainly native bees and Apis melifera, which was characterized as effective pollinators. The species presents high reproductive efficiency and could be considered self-compatible; however, fertilization also occurs by cross-pollination.
Subject(s)
Myrtaceae/growth & development , Myrtaceae/embryology , Pollination , BiologyABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to elucidate aspects of floral and reproductive biology and floral visitors of this species. Information was obtained on floral morphology and morphometry, anthesis, nectary, and structures attractive to pollinators, characterization of pollinators, receptiveness of stigma and maturing of the androecium components, and characterization of the reproductive system. Sete-capoteiro tree has hermaphrodite flowers, and the floral opening occurs mainly during the night period, however, it also occurs in the morning. Pollen grains was the main resource offered to pollinators. The flowers had mellow sweet odor, attracting mainly native bees and Apis melifera, which was characterized as effective pollinators. The species presents high reproductive efficiency and could be considered self-compatible; however, fertilization also occurs by cross-pollination.
Studies on the Myrtaceae family are mainly distributed in floristic surveys, reproductive studies of plant communities or related to family taxonomy. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to elucidate aspects of floral and reproductive biology and, of floral visitors from Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg., a neglected species. Information was obtained on floral morphology and morphometry, anthesis, nectary, and structures attractive to pollinators, characterization of pollinators, receptiveness of stigma and maturing of the androecium components, and characterization of the reproductive system. Sete-capote tree has hermaphrodite flowers, and the floral opening occurs mainly during the daytime. Pollen grains was the main resource offered to pollinators. The flowers had mellow sweet odor, attracting mainly native bees and Apis melifera, which was characterized as effective pollinators. The species presents high reproductive efficiency and could be considered self-compatible; however, fertilization also occurs by cross-pollination.
ABSTRACT
Studies related to floral biology are essential for the understanding of the ecological relations between different species, and the beginning of breeding programs. In this way, the aim of the study was to elucidate aspects of floral and reproductive biology and floral visitors of this species. Information about floral morphology and morphometry, anthesis, nectaries and pollinator attractive structures, characterization of floral visitors, receptivity of androcytic stigma and maturation, in vitro pollen storage and germination, and characterization of the reproductive system were obtained. The guabiju tree has hermaphrodite flowers, and the floral opening occurs mainly during the night, but also in the morning. Anthers are the main attractive structure to the pollinating insects, releasing fetid odor, attracting mainly flies and wasps characterized as occasional pollinators, and moths characterized as effective pollinators. For the germination of pollen, it is recommend using it without desiccation, collected in post-anthesis, and for the culture medium the use of 11% of sucrose and 7% of boric acid. Pollen presents recalcitrant behavior, so even when stored in refrigerator, freezer, liquid nitrogen and natural environment lose viability in less than 30 days. It presents high reproductive efficiency, and can be considered self-compatible; however, fertilization also occurs by cross-pollination.
Subject(s)
Myrtales/growth & development , Myrtales/chemistry , Pollination/genetics , Reproductive TechniquesABSTRACT
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o pegamento e desenvolvimento dos enxertos de duas espécies de Jabuticaba (Plinia spp.), testando diferentes tipos de garfos. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dez repetições, no esquema fatorial 2x3 (espécie x tipo de garfo), com a unidade experimental composta por uma planta. Utilizaram-se as espécies Plinia trunciflora e Plinia cauliflora enxertadas sobre P. cauliflora por garfagem de topo em fenda cheia, utilizando-se garfos herbáceos (diâmetro menor de 3mm), semi-lenhosos de baixo calibre (diâmetro de 3-5mm) e semi-lenhosos de médio calibre (diâmetro de 5-7mm). A espécie P. trunciflora proporcionou um número de brotações superior e um comprimento de brotação 44 por cento inferior à espécie P. cauliflora. Para percentual de brotação, não se observou diferença significativa entre as espécies testadas. Os garfos semi-lenhosos de baixo calibre favoreceram o aumento significativo do pegamento e do número de brotação em comparação aos garfos herbáceos, não diferindo significativamente, no entanto, dos garfos semi-lenhosos.
This research aimed to evaluate craft success and development of two grafted species of Jabuticaba (Plinia spp.) using different methods of grafting. A Complete randomized experimental design was used with ten replicates, under a factorial scheme of 2x3 (species x diameter of stem cutting), and the experimental unit was composed by one plant. Plinia trunciflora and Plinia cauliflora were the scion species grafted on P. cauliflora by cleft grafting, using herbaceous cuttings (diameters smaller than 3mm), semi-woody cuttings of low caliber (diameter 3-5mm), and semi-woody cuttings of medium caliber (diameter 5-7mm). P. trunciflora presented the higher number of buddings but the length of buddings were 44 percent lower than P. cauliflora. Budding percentage was not significantly different among studied species. The semi-wood cuttings of low caliber increased significantly the number of buddings and graft success when compared to herbaceous cuttings, not presenting significant difference when compared to semi-woody cuttings of medium caliber herbaceous cuttings.
ABSTRACT
O emprego de certas práticas culturais são fundamentais para obtenção de mudas de qualidade, com reduzido período de formação. Realizou-se, este trabalho, em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de cinco concentrações de ácido giberélico (GA3) (0; 50; 100; 150 e 200 mg L-1), no crescimento inicial do pessegueiro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, considerando-se como unidade experimental, os quatro recipientes plásticos contendo uma planta cada. Foram realizadas três aplicações de GA3 (60, 80 e 100 dias de cultivo). Nas aplicações, a parte aérea foi molhada inteiramente, utilizando-se 20 ml de solução para cada planta. Aos 130 dias da semeadura, foram analisados: comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz; diâmetro do caule; número de brotações primárias; massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e da raiz. Concluiu-se que o ácido giberélico exerceu efeito sobre o crescimento de pessegueiro, recomendando-se a pulverização de 200 mg L-1. As pulverizações de GA3 não tiveram efeito sobre o diâmetro do caule do pessegueiro.
The use of some cultures practices are important for obtain quality seedlings with lowest time production. The work was carried out in a green house, at Viçosa Federal University, Plant Science Department, with the objective to evaluate the effect of five acid giberellic (GA3) concentrations (0; 50; 100; 150 e 200 mg L-1), on the initial growth of peach seedlings. The experiment was done as randomized blocks design, with four replications, where each plot constituted of four plastics recipients. Three GA3 applications were realized (60, 80 and 100 cultivate days). The applications were done at the plants aerial part, using 20 ml of solution for each plant. After 130 days of the sowing, the height and root length, diameter of the stem, number of primary ramifications of the aerial part and mass of the dry matter aerial part and of the dry root, were evaluated. It was concluded that the gibberellic acid application has influence on the growth of peach seedlings, manly the dose of 200 mg L-1. The GA3 application hasn't affect the stem diameter.
ABSTRACT
Entre os fatores que contribuem para melhor desenvolvimento inicial das plantas, estão a qualidade da semente e o substrato utilizado.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do substrato na formação inicial de pessegueiro e nectarineira. O trabalho foi realizado no Departamento de Fitotecnia, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, de fevereiro a março de 2004. Foram utilizados quatro cultivares de pessegueiro, 'Alô Doçura', 'Campinas 1', 'Relíquia' e 'Ouromel' e uma cultivar de nectarineira 'Josefina'. Sementes retiradas de frutos maturos, foram estratificadas em câmara fria, com temperatura de 5±1ºC e ausência de luz. Após a germinação, no interior da casa-de-vegetação, procedeu-se à semeadura em recipientes plásticos (3 litros), contendo os substratos: Plantmax®; Plantmax® + Areia (1:1 v/v); Plantmax® + Latossolo Vermelho (1:1 v/v); Plantmax® + Latossolo Vermelho + Areia (1:1:1 v/v). Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, num fatorial 5 x 4 (cultivar x substrato), com cinco repetições, considerando-se como unidade experimental cada recipiente plástico. Após 38 dias da semeadura foram analisadas: porcentagem de emergência, número de folhas, comprimento total, altura e comprimento de raiz, diâmetro do caule, massa da matéria seca total, da parte aérea e da raiz e o número de brotações primárias. O substrato teve efeito no desenvolvimento inicial de pessegueiro, obtendo-se os melhores resultados com o substrato comercial Plantmax®. O maior acúmulo de massa de matéria seca total e da parte aérea foi obtido com os cultivares 'Campinas 1' e 'Relíquia', sendo que esse último, também proporcionou maior número de brotações primárias.
Among the factors that contribute for the best initial plants growing are seed quality and substrate utilized. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of substrate on the initial production peach and nectarine seedlings. The work was carried out in the Department of Plant Science of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais (Brazil), from February to March, 2004. In this work four peach varieties were used: 'Alô Doçura ', 'Campinas 1 ', 'Relíquia ' and 'Ouromel ' and a nectarine variety, 'Josefina'. Seeds from mature fruits were stratified in a dark cold room, at a constant temperature of 5±1ºC. After germination, the material was transferred to a greenhouse. The germinated seeds were sowed in plastic bags (3 liters), using the substrates Plantmax®; Plantmax® + Sand (1:1 v/v); Plantmax® + Red Soil (1:1 v/v); Plantmax® + Red 'Latossolo' + Sand (1:1:1 v/v). The experiment was carried out in an entirely randomized design, in a factorial 5 x 4 (varieties x substrate), with five replications and each plastic bag considered as a plot. 38 days after of sowing, the percentage of emergence, number of leaves, total length, height and root length, diameter of the stem, total dry matter, aerial part and root dry matter and the number of primary ramifications were evaluated. The substrate had effect on initial peach seedling growth and the best results were obtained with the commercial substrate Plantmax®. The largest accumulation of dry matter and total and aerial part was obtained with 'Campinas 1 ' and 'Relíquia ' varieties and the last one provided larger number of primary ramifications.
ABSTRACT
Os frutos de pêssego podem apresentar, no interior do endocarpo, uma ou duas sementes. Porém, não se sabe se o número de sementes por endocarpo pode apresentar diferenças no comportamento durante sua estratificação e posterior desenvolvimento da planta, para uso como porta-enxerto. Conduziu-se este trabalho para avaliar o efeito do número de sementes por endocarpo sobre o período de estratificação e desenvolvimento inicial de seedlings de pessegueiro, cultivar Campinas-1 e progênie 290. Os trabalhos foram realizados no Departamento de Fitotecnia, da UFV, durante o período de fevereiro a agosto de 2005. Foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro de germinação e o segundo relacionado ao desenvolvimento inicial de mudas. No primeiro experimento, as sementes foram estratificadas em câmara fria, à temperatura de 5°C, avaliando-se a germinação das sementes e estimando-se a data correspondente à 80 percent de germinação. Após a germinação, iniciou-se o segundo experimento, no qual procedeu-se à semeadura das sementes em recipiente plástico (32 cm x 16 cm), contendo a mistura de Latossolo Vermelho + Plantmax® - 3:1 v/v, enriquecido com P2O5 (3,0 kg m-3), no interior da casa de vegetação. Concluiu-se que o número de sementes por endocarpo teve relação com o período de estratificação, sendo o menor período para obtenção de 80 percent de germinação obtido com as sementes, que eram originárias dos endocarpos. O desenvolvimento inicial do pessegueiro não foi influenciado pelo número de sementes, por endocarpo.
The peach fruit can have into the endocarp one or two seeds. However, it is unknown if the number of seeds per endocarp can have different behavior during its stratification and subsequent plant growing for using as rootstocks. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of seed number per endocarp on the peach seedling stratification and initial growing of variety Campinas-1 and progeny 290. The work was carried out at the Department of Plant Science, of the Federal University of Viçosa (MG), Brazil, from February to August, 2005. It was performed two experiments, being the first one based on germination of seed and the second one based on initial growing. In the first experiment, the seeds were stratified in cold chamber (5°C), where the percentage of germination was evaluated, estimating the date corresponding to 80 percent of germination. After the germination, at greenhouse, the second experiment was initiated, in which the sowing of the seeds occurred in plastics recipients (32 cm x 16 cm), containing Red Latosoil + Plantmax® mixture (3:1 v/v, enriched with P2O5 - 3,0 kg m-3). It was concluded that the number of seeds per endocarp had relationship to the stratification period, being the shortest period to obtain 80 percent of germination observed in seeds from endocarp that possessed just one seed. The peach seedling initial development was not influenced by the seed number per endocarp.
ABSTRACT
Ao decorrer do tempo, o homem descobriu que as frutas e hortaliças possuem não só um grande valor nutritivo, mas também efeito medicinal, sendo estas propriedades caracterizadas para cada espécie. O objetivo desse trabalho foi destacar a promoção da saúde através do consumo de frutas e hortaliças e seu papel na prevenção do câncer. Entre os principais mecanismos de ação das frutas e vegetais na prevenção e tratamento de doenças, principalmente câncer, pode-se citar a atividade antioxidante. O hábito de consumir frutas e hortaliças, em geral, auxilia o metabolismo do corpo humano, fortalece as células e ajudam a prevenir certos tipos de câncer. O câncer é uma das doenças mais comuns nos dias atuais, sendo classificada como a segunda causa de morte por doença no Brasil. Fatores ambientais podem atuar, aumentando os efeitos danosos. Enquanto pesquisas sobre a dieta e câncer continuam, pesquisadores concordam que, para manter a saúde e possivelmente reduzir o risco de câncer dever-se-ia adotar uma dieta pobre em gordura, rica em hortaliças e frutas (cinco porções diárias), evitando o consumo de álcool e fumo e mantendo um peso corporal saudável. Apesar disso, ainda hoje é reduzido o número de programas de promoção da saúde relacionados ao consumo de alimentos e sua implicação na geração do câncer, bem como, de sua atuação em diferentes locais do corpo humano. Assim, sugere-se a ampliação destes programas, visando melhor adequação dos hábitos alimentares saudáveis, ressaltando os benefícios do consumo de frutas e hortaliças na prevenção do câncer. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Câncer. Alimentação saudável. Alimentos protetores.
In time, human beings discovered that fruits and vegetables have not only a high nutritional value, but also medicinal effects, and each species has its own properties. The aim of this work was to point out how to promote health by consuming fruits and vegetables and their role in cancer prevention. Among the main action mechanisms of fruits and vegetables in disease prevention and treatment, mainly cancer, antioxidant activity should be mentioned. The habit of consuming fruits and vegetables generally aids human body metabolism, strengthens cells and helps preventing certain cancer types. Cancer is one of the most common diseases today, being classified as the second causes of death by disease in Brazil. Environmental factors can act so as to increase harmful effects. While researches about diet and cancer continue, researchers agree that to maintain health and possibly to reduce cancer risk, a diet should be adopted low in fat, rich in vegetables and fruits (five daily portions), and the consumption of alcohol and tobacco avoided, besides maintaining a healthy corporal weight. Nevertheless, the number of health promotion programs in relation to foods consumption and its relation with cancer, as well as their action in different parts of the human body is reduced. Considering this, we suggest increasing the number of these programs for promoting better healthy alimentary habits, emphasizing the benefits of fruits and vegetables consumption in cancer prevention.KEYWORDS: Cancer. Healthy diet. Protector foods.
En el recurrido del tiempo, los seres humanos descubrieron que las frutas y hortalizas tienen no solamente un alto valor alimenticio, pero también efectos medicinales, y cada especie tiene sus propias características. La meta de este trabajo fue precisar cómo promover la salud consumiendo frutas y hortalizas y su papel en la prevención del cáncer. Entre los mecanismos principales de la acción de las frutas y hortalizas en la prevención y el tratamiento de enfermedades, principalmente el cáncer, se debe mencionar la actividad antioxidante. El hábito de consumir frutas y hortalizas ayuda al metabolismo del cuerpo humano, consolida las células y ayuda a prevenir ciertos tipos del cáncer. El cáncer es una de las enfermedades más comunes hoy, siendo clasificado como la segunda causa de muerte por enfermedad en Brasil. Los factores ambientales pueden actuar para aumentar sus efectos dañosos. Mientras investigaciones sobre dieta y cáncer continúan, los investigadores acuerdan que para mantener la salud y posiblemente reducir el riesgo del cáncer, se debe adoptar una dieta baja en grasa, rica en hortalizas y frutas (cinco porciones diarias), y evitar el consumo del alcohol y del tabaco, además de mantener un peso corporal sano. Sin embargo, el número de los programas de promoción de la salud en lo referente al consumo de alimentos y a su relación con el cáncer, así bien como su acción en diversas partes del cuerpo humano, son todavía reducidos. En vista de esto, sugerimos el aumento del número de estos programas para promover hábitos mejores alimenticios sanos, acentuando las ventajas del consumo de frutas y hortalizas en la prevención del cáncer. PALABRAS LLAVE: Cáncer. Dieta sana. Alimentos protectores.
Subject(s)
Diet , Neoplasms , Health PromotionABSTRACT
O maracujazeiro está entre as principais fruteiras cultivadas no País, sendo semeadura o método predominante na produção de mudas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do pH da água de embebição e do trincamento das sementes nos processos de germinação e desenvolvimento inicial do maracujazeiro amarelo, cultivar IAC 277. O trabalho foi realizado no Departamento de Fitotecnia, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (MG). Os tratamentos foram constituídos de sementes trincadas e não trincadas embebidas durante 24 horas em solução de água destilada com pHs 3,0; 4,0; 5,0; 6,0 e 7,0. Posteriormente, no interior da casa-de-vegetação, as sementes foram semeadas em caixas plásticas contendo areia fina lavada. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, num fatorial 5 x 2 (pH da solução x trincamento da semente), com quatro repetições, considerando como unidade experimental, um lote de 50 sementes. Após 28 dias da semeadura, foram analisadas: porcentagem de germinação e sobrevivência; índice de velocidade de emergência; comprimento total; altura e comprimento da raiz primária e, massa da matéria seca total das plântulas. Concluiu-se que, os valores de pH das soluções de embebição foram favoráveis com os pHs de 3,81 e 6,14, para sementes não trincadas e trincadas, respectivamente. Os valores de pH das soluções de embebição não influenciaram no desenvolvimento inicial do maracujazeiro amarelo. As sementes não trincadas apresentaram os melhores resultados, não sendo aconselhável o trincamento das mesmas nos processos de germinação e desenvolvimento inicial do maracujazeiro amarelo.
The passion fruit plant is among the main fruits cultivated in the country, being the sowing of seeds the predominant method in the production of seedlings. The aimed of this work was to evaluate the effect of the water pH of soaking and of the cracking of the seeds on the germination and initial development processes of the yellow passion fruit, cv. IAC 277. The work was carried out at the Department of Plant Science, of the Federal University of Viçosa (MG), Brazil. The treatments were constituted of cracking and no cracking seeds soaked for 24 hours into solution of distilled water at pHs 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0 and 7.0. After, at the greenhouse, the seeds were sowed in plastic boxes being used as fine substrate washed sand. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized blocks, in a factorial 5 x 2 (pH of the solution x cracking of the seed), with four replications, where each plot constituted of 50 seeds. After 28 days of sowing, the following characteristics were evaluated: germination and survival percentages; emergence speed; total plantlet length; plantlet height; first root length and plantlet mass total drought. It was concluded that, pH values of the soaking solutions were favorable at the pHs of 3.81 and 6.14, for no cracking and cracking seeds, respectively. The pH values of the soaking solutions did not influence on the initial development of the yellow passion fruit. The no cracking seeds presented the best results, not being recommended the cracking of the seeds for the germination and initial development processes of the yellow passion fruit.