ABSTRACT
Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TMDs among the sample of Karachi and to observe the most frequent TMJ sound in this population
Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted from Sep 2017 to Nov 2017. Three hundred patients were selected through cluster sample technique from the public/private dental institutes and private dental clinics of Karachi. The data was collected with the help of questionnaire and intraoral examination was performed by the PI. All those patients with complain of TMDs and between 20-75 years were included in this study. The frequency and association between gender and TMDs were assessed through the application of Chi square
Results: There were more males [n=162, 54%] and [n=138, 46%] females in this study. Majority of participants fall under the age group of 20-30 years of age. Most common TMDs symptom among male was pain during mastication [n=104, 64%] and most common symptoms among female was pain on neck/cervical area which was [n=92, 66%]. Headache and earache was the least common symptom among both genders and p-value was 0.003 and 0.024 respectively. Clicking was the most common TMJ sound found among both genders, in male it was [n=58, 35.8%] and in female it was [n=48, 34.7%] followed by crepitation. Regarding parafunctional habits; majority of females [n=95, 68.8%] were in habit of clenching than male [n=60, 37%] and p-value was 0.0001 followed by tooth grinding which was also found mostly in female [n=64, 46.3%] then male [n=10, 6.1%] and p-value was 0.0001. Regarding the risk factors of TMDs; while examination majority of females were found with disturbed articulation,[n= 37,26.8%] and in male it was [n=10, 6.1%], significance difference was found between both genders and p-value was 0.0001. Stress was found to be most common risk factor and aggravating factor of TMDs among both genders. Missing teeth were found in both gender; [n=100, 61.7%] male and [n=71, 51.4%] female and calculated p-value was 0.047
Conclusion: It was inferred from this study that greater prevalence of TMDs was mostly found in female gender. The statistically significant difference was found among stress as an aggravating factor of TMDs and gender. Clicking was the most prevalent TMJ sound and clenching was the most frequently observed parafunctional habit among both gender, followed by tooth grinding and statistically significant difference found among both gender
ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the impact of teacher.s autonomous support on student.s academic performance among dental undergraduates of Bahria University Medical and Dental College [BUMDC], and to find out the influence of intrinsic motivation [self- determination theory] on academic performance of dental undergraduates of BUMDC
Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted among dental undergraduates of BUMDC. Total sampling technique was used in this study. Out of total 200 dental students in all four years of BDS, 185 questionnaires were completely filled in all aspects and therefore included for data analysis
Results: The final calculated scores of two sub-scales of the Learning Self-Regulation Questionnaire [SRQ-L, autonomous motivation and controlled motivation] had an average mean of 5.1 and 3.95. The average of the Learning Climate Questionnaire [LCQ] for tutor autonomy support was 4.51. The average academic performance score was 74.1%. More than half of the respondents [60%] were autonomously motivated. Students. autonomous support and perception towards tutors. autonomy support was [5.1 and 4.51 out of 7 scoring] respectively
Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that the intrinsic motivation of dental undergraduate has direct association on strong academic performance of learners. On the other hand, teachers. autonomous support has an inverse relationship over academic performance of dental undergraduates
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the factors affecting how medical graduates of Karachi choose their dental health care providers
Study Design: Observational / descriptive / cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi from August 2014 to December 2014
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Jinnah Medical and Dental College. A 11-item questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was collected from medical college graduates of Karachi to determine the factors affecting how medical graduates choose their dental health care providers. The questionnaire involved attributes ranging from dental practice to reputation, X-ray facility within clinics, skills/ experience, timings and availability, sterilization, location, Clinical Setup [general appearance/ambiance], qualification, Payment Plans [installments, credit cards, etc.] and Treatment charges. The study included 382 doctors. The data was stored in excel worksheet and was analyzed using SPSS
Results: 26% of the respondents selected 'skills/ experience' as the most important attribute in selecting a dentist while 20% of the respondents picked 'sterilization' and 17% of the respondents chose 'qualification' as their top reason for the selection of dentist. Reputation of the dentist was selected by 14% of the respondents whereas 10 % selected treatment charges as their reason for selecting a dentist. Clinical setup and location accounted for 9 and 4 % respectively
Conclusion: In conclusion skills/ experience, reputation of the dentist and sterilization standards of clinic are were the most important factors while selecting a dentist
ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate factors responsible for negligence of oral health care in our population
Study Design: Observational / descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi from August 2015 to September 2015
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was structured which was based to evaluate, the background, including age, gender, social and educational level, dental habits and the reasons responsible for them. The data was stored in excel worksheet and was analyzed using SPSS
Results: The major factors responsible for people neglecting oral health care was found out to be the high cost prices of dental treatments by 36%, followed by lack of care seeking attitude by 28% and time management by 23% of people. Socio-Economic status and educational background also had a significant relationship. People from lower socio economic and educational background were seen to be never visiting the dentist. No significant relationship was found with relation to age, marital status, availability of dentist, and dental misconceptions
Conclusion: People are neglecting oral health care mainly due to the high cost price of dental treatments. Care seeking attitude is seen to be absent in our population. Dental health comes last in the set of priorities by the majority of people. Time is another area people find difficult to manage. These areas can be worked upon to decrease the prevalence of dental disease in our population
ABSTRACT
Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate various infection control methods and amenability with infection control procedures experienced by undergraduate dental students in their clinical years and house officers at Jinnah Medical and Dental College
Study Design: Observational / Descriptive / Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in one of the private sector college, Jinnah Medical and Dental College in Karachi from 15[th] January 2016 to 20[th] February 2016
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in one of the private sector college, Jinnah medical and dental college in Karachi. The study set comprised of 3[rd] and 4[th] year dental students and house officers [n=80]. A 24 item questionnaire was used to collect data related to knowledge about cross infection, barrier techniques, vaccination status, infection control practices and awareness. The questionnaire used was de-novo. It was distributed to all the students and house officers. The self-administered questionnaires were collected immediately after completion on the same day. The responses of the questionnaire were coded for data analysis. Results obtained from different individuals were analyzed using SPSS
Results: In this present study, majority of the students were well aware of cross infection in the first two years of medical/dental college studies whereas the remaining 20% came to know about it in their last two years. Regarding barrier techniques, it was found that [77%] students were well aware of all 4 components of PPE. When enquired whether the students were immunized against hepatitis B, 89% had an affirmative response. In our study there was a low prevalence of needlestick injury [30%]. This indicates that our students have substantial knowledge and understanding about handling of sharp objects and are adequately practicing them
Conclusion: The knowledge about cross infection in students was found to be adequate but application of prevention protocols need to be emphasized
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to assess attitude towards oral and dental health during pregnancy and to examine their self-care practices in relation to oral and dental health. cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study. This study was conducted at the Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi from January 2013 to September 2013. This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study conducted at the Jinnah Medical and Dental College Karachi [JMDC]. The study group comprised of 118 pregnant women attending the Jinnah Medical and Dental College OPD from January 2013 to September 2013 using convenience sampling method. A 15 item questionnaire was used, after it was pre-tested and validated. The data entry was done by the house officers of JMDC. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16. 65% of the total patients were found to have dental caries on overall intraoral examination out of these 52% patients had pain on percussion. 44% of the patients presented with gingivitis and bleeding on probing while 21% presented with clinical periodontitis with mobility. 22.8% of the pregnant women presented with gingival enlargements out of which 13.55% had localized while 9.3% had generalized gingival enlargements. 62% of the pregnant women said they brush twice daily while 27% brush once daily only 3% women said that they brush their teeth occasionally. None of them did flossing. Only 10% of the women had regular dental checkups after every six months. This study observed the oral health care practices of the pregnant women. The study highlighted the lack of awareness of maintenance of oral health. Intensive oral and dental health education in pregnancy can lead to improved oral and dental health, and ultimately safe pregnancy outcomes
ABSTRACT
This article focuses on the mixed perceptions of the dentists in treating patients on blood thinners and the awareness amongst them regarding protocol and management of such patients. Cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study. This study was conducted at Jinnah Medical and Dental College from August 2013 to December 2013. The data was collected from three dental colleges of Karachi. The study was conducted at Jinnah Medical and Dental College. A 17-item questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was collected from three dental colleges of Karachi to evaluate the dentist's perception and protocols put into practice related to patients on blood thinners. The study included 92 dentists. The data was stored in excel worksheet and was analyzed using SPSS. Amongst the 92 dental practitioners evaluated in the research 50% advised their patients to stop antiplatelet therapy prior to a dental procedure. 64.13% of the dentists where of the opinion that antiplatelet therapy be stopped before performing any treatment 94.56% of the dentists said they are aware of the reasons why patients are kept on anticoagulant drugs. Based on the data collected 67.39% of the dental practitioners delayed the treatment for patients taking blood thinners 95.65% referred the patients to their cardiologist prior to an invasive treatment. The optimal range of INR was known by 8478% of practitioners. Dental practitioners in this study population display a wide range of practice in their approach to patients on blood thinners. A trend towards overly conservative management is seen in the former. In contrast, the approach to the patients appeared to be haphazard, with about 20% of those never checking the INR pre-operatively. There is a clear need for greater awareness of an evidence-based approach to the dental management of this unique patient group to avoid unnecessary and preventable complications. There is an acute need for creating awareness and adherence to the new guidelines for safe and effective practice
ABSTRACT
The objects of this study were to determine the rate of complications associated with Intra Cortical Bone Fixation Screws for Inter-maxillary fixation [IMF] and as a possible alternative to Arch-Bars in patients with un-displaced mandibular fractures. A descriptive case series study involving 25 adult patients [age range: 16- 60 years] and requiring intra cortical bone fixation screws IMF was conducted from 1[st] August 2011 to 30[th] April 2012] at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital / Karachi Medical and Dental College [KMDC] Karachi. The sampling technique was non-probability purposive. Clinical examination and radiograph 1-OPG [Ortho-Pentomogram], 2-PA View of Face were taken for confirmation of un-displaced mandibular fractures. Patients with pre-existing mental nerve injury and / or soft tissue infection were excluded from the study. IMF was done with using intra cortical bone fixation screws, patients were followed over 6-weeks period at regular weekly interval. Postoperative frequencies of complication including mental nerve injury and soft tissue infection were recorded at review. Overall complications were in [3] 12% patients. The distribution of the various complications were; soft tissue infection in [1] 4% and mental nerve injury in [2] 8% patients. The high proportion of 12% complications including those related to nerve injury suggests appropriate selection of both the patients and size of Intra oral cortical bone fixation screw [ICBFS] as well as the use of this technique by surgeons having expertise and skills in the technique
ABSTRACT
Impaction of the 3rd molar is a high incident problem occurring in up to 73% of young adults in Europe. Appropriate follow-up routines and optimal timing for surgical removal of the 3[rd] molars can be established in patients judged to be at increased risk of impaction. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for mandibular 3[rd] molar impaction in adolescent orthodontic patients and to establish anterior arch crowding as a predictive model for mandibular 3[rd] molar impaction. Pre-treatment Orthopantomogram [OPG] of 158 orthodontic patients with the evidence of anterior arch crowding on pre-treatment study models were evaluated for mandibular third molar position. Out of 158 patients, 45 were male and 113 were female. Ninety-seven [61%] of the patients showed anterior arch crowding with a space discrepancy of 5-10 mm calculated on the pretreatment study models. Fifty-seven patients showed 107 third molar impactions. Anterior arch crowding in these patients was ranging from 7-10 mm. Out of 107 impacted third molars 73 were Mesioangular 14 were Distoangular 6 were Vertical and 14 were Horizontal. If the arch size is smaller as compared to the tooth size the evidence of lack of space would be there in anterior segment as crowding and in posterior segment as 3rd molar impaction