Avaliação no Mundo Real de um Stent Eluidor de Sirolimus de Hastes Ultrafinas em Pacientes com Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST Submetidos à Intervenção Coronária Percutânea Primária (Registro INSTEMI) / Real-World Assessment of an Ultrathin Strut, Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Submitted to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (INSTEMI Registry)

Resumo Fundamento O padrão-ouro atual dos stents farmacológicos (SF) coronários consiste em ligas metálicas com hastes mais finas e polímeros bioabsorvíveis. Objetivos Nosso objetivo foi comparar um stent eluidor de sirolimus de hastes ultrafinas (Inspiron®) com outras plataformas de SF de terceira geração em pacientes com infarto do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária. Métodos Analisamos dados de um registro multicêntrico de IAMCSST de centros de referência da Região Sul do Brasil. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à ICP primária, seja com Inspiron® ou outro SF de segunda ou terceira geração. Foi calculado pareamento por escore de propensão (PEP) para gerar grupos semelhantes (Inspiron® versus outros stents) em relação às características clínicas e do procedimento. Todos os testes de hipótese tiveram um nível de significância bilateral de 0,05. Resultados De janeiro de 2017 a janeiro de 2021, 1.711 pacientes foram submetidos à ICP primária, e 1.417 pacientes preencheram nossos critérios de inclusão (709 pacientes no grupo Inspiron® e 708 pacientes no grupo dos outros SF de segunda ou terceira geração). Após PEP, a amostra do estudo foi composta por 706 pacientes (353 pacientes no grupo Inspiron® e 353 pacientes no grupo dos demais SF de segunda ou terceira geração). As taxas de revascularização do vaso alvo (odds ratio [OR] 0,52; intervalo de confiança [IC] 0,21 a 1,34; p = 0,173), trombose de stent (OR 1,00; IC 0,29 a 3,48;p = 1,000), mortalidade (hazard ratio 0,724; IC 0,41 a 1,27; p = 0,257) e os desfechos cardiovasculares maiores (OR 1,170; IC 0,77 a 1,77; p = 0,526) foram semelhantes entre os grupos após um acompanhamento mediano de 17 meses. Conclusão Nossos achados mostram que o stent Inspiron® foi eficaz e seguro quando comparado a outros SF de segunda ou terceira geração em uma coorte contemporânea do mundo real de pacientes com IAMCSST submetidos à ICP primária.

Abstract Background The current gold standard of coronary drug-eluting stents (DES) consists of metal alloys with thinner struts and bioresorbable polymers. Objectives Our aim was to compare an ultrathin strut, sirolimus-eluting stent (Inspiron®) with other third-generation DES platforms in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) submitted to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods We analyzed data from a STEMI multicenter registry from reference centers in the South Region of Brazil. All patients were submitted to primary PCI, either with Inspiron® or other second- or third-generation DES. Propensity score matching (PSM) was computed to generate similar groups (Inspiron® versus other stents) in relation to clinical and procedural characteristics. All hypothesis tests had a two-sided significance level of 0.05. Results From January 2017 to January 2021, 1711 patients underwent primary PCI, and 1417 patients met our entry criteria (709 patients in the Inspiron® group and 708 patients in the other second- or third-generation DES group). After PSM, the study sample was comprised of 706 patients (353 patients in the Inspiron® group and 353 patients in the other the other second- or third-generation DES group). The rates of target vessel revascularization (OR 0.52, CI 0.21 - 1.34, p = 0.173), stent thrombosis (OR 1.00, CI 0.29 - 3.48, p = 1.000), mortality (HR 0.724, CI 0.41 - 1.27, p = 0.257), and major cardiovascular outcomes (OR 1.170, CI 0.77 - 1.77, p = 0.526) were similar between groups after a median follow-up of 17 months. Conclusion Our findings show that Inspiron® was effective and safe when compared to other second- or third-generation DES in a contemporary cohort of real-world STEMI patients submitted to primary PCI.

An overview of care change in the last 6 year in primary PCI in ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a Tertiary University Brazilian Hospital / Panorama da mudança do cuidado nos últimos 6 anos na ICP primária em infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST em hospital universitário de nível terciário

Background: Although new studies and guidelines can be considered useful tools, it does not necessarily mean they are put into clinical practice. Objective: The aim of the current analysis was to assess the changes in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and mortality in a tertiary university hospital in southern Brazil during a six-year period .Methods: We have included consecutive patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary PCI between March 2011 and February 2017. Previous clinical history, characteristics of the procedure, and reperfusion strategies were collected. In-hospital, short and long-term mortalities were also evaluated. The significance level adopted for all tests was 5%. Results: There was an increase in the use of radial access in patients from 20.0% in 2011 to 62.7% in 2016 (ptrend < 0.0001). Moreover, thrombus aspiration decreased significantly from 66.7% in 2011 to less than 3.0% in 2016 (ptrend < 0.0001). In-hospital, short and long-term mortalities remained reasonably stable from 2011 to 2016 (ptrend > 0.05). However, a lower in-hospital mortality was observed in patients treated through radial access (p < 0.001). Cardiogenic shock occurred in 11.1%, without statistical differences in the period (ptrend = 0.39), while long-term mortality rate decreased from 80.0% in 2011 to 27.3% in 2016 in this patient group (ptrend = 0.29). Conclusions: During a 6-year follow-up period, primary PCI characteristics underwent important modifications. Radial access became widely used, with a decrease in mortality with the use of this route, while aspiration thrombectomy became a rare procedure. The incidence of cardiogenic shock remained stable, but has shown a reduction in its mortality

Comparação de escores anatômicos e clínicos na predição de desfechos em intervenções coronárias percutâneas primárias / Comparison of anatomical and clinical scores in predicting outcomes in primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Fundamento: Diferentes escores baseados em variáveis anatômicas e/ou clínicas têm sido desenvolvidos para estratificação de risco em pacientes submetidos à intervenção coronariana percutânea (ICP). Estudos comparando a capacidade desses modelos na predição de eventos cardíacos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (ECCAM) em pacientes submetidos à ICP primária são escassos. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi o de comparar os escores SYNTAX (SS), Clinical SYNTAX (CSS), ACEF e ACEF modificado (ACEF Mod ) na predição de ECCAM em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdico com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) submetidos à ICP primária. Métodos: Foram analisados 311 pacientes consecutivos com IAMCSST submetidos a ICP primária entre abril/2011 e dezembro/2015. As áreas sob a curva característica de operação do receptor (ROC) foram calculadas para avaliar a habilidade desses escores em predizer ECCAM. O nível de significância adotado em todos os testes foi de 5%. Resultados: Os pacientes apresentaram idade média de 60,2 ± 12,0 anos, 35,4% eram do sexo feminino e 22,5% eram diabéticos. A ocorrência de ECCAM foi observada em 23,8% dos participantes. A área sob a curva ROC foi 0,586 (p = 0,028) para ACEF, 0,616 (p = 0,003) para SS, 0,623 (p = 0,002) para ACEF Mod e 0,658 (p < 0,001) para CSS. Na análise multivariada, apenas SS (p = 0,011) e CSS (p = 0,002) foram preditores independentes de ECCAM. Conclusões: SS e CSS elevados foram preditores independentes de ECCAM. Em nossa coorte de pacientes com IAMCSST submetidos à ICP primária, o SS calculado à cineangiocoronariografia inicial mostrou-se uma ferramenta útil para predizer ECCAM

Background: Different scores based on anatomical and/or clinical features have been developed for risk stratification of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Studies comparing the ability of these different models in predicting major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients submitted to primary PCI are limited. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the ability of the scores SYNTAX (SS), Clinical SYNTAX (CSS), age, creatinine and ACEF, and modified ACEF (ACEF Mod ) to predict MACCE in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) submitted to primary PCI. Methods: We analyzed 311 consecutive patients with STEMI submitted to primary PCI between April/2011 and December/2015. The area under the ROC curve was calculated to evaluate the ability of these scores in predicting MACCE. P-values were considered significant at < 0.05. Results: Mean age of the patients was 60.2 ± 12.0 years, 35.4% were females, and 22.5% had diabetes. MACCE occurred in 23.8% of the patients. The area under the ROC curve was 0.586 (p = 0.028) for ACEF, 0.616 (p = 0.003) for SS, 0.623 (p = 0.002) for ACEF Mod , and 0.658 (p < 0.001) for CSS. In multivariate analysis, only high SS (p = 0.011) and CSS (p = 0.002) were independent predictors of MACCE. Conclusions: High SS and CSS were independent predictors of MACCE. In our cohort of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI, pure anatomical SS calculated at the baseline coronary angiography was a useful tool to predict MACCE

Two HEmostasis Methods After TransradIal Catheterization: THEMATIC - protocol for a randomized clinical trial / Dos métodos de hemostasia luego de un cateterismo transradial: THEMATIC - protocolo de ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Dois métodos de hemostasia após cateterismo transradial: THEMATIC - protocolo de ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract OBJECTIVE Randomized clinical trial protocol to evaluate the incidence of radial artery occlusion with two different arterial compression devices after transradial procedures. METHODS Barbeau's test will be performed in adults scheduled to undergo transradial interventional procedures. Those with A, B, or C plethysmographic patterns will be selected. At the end of the procedure, patients will be randomly assigned (1:1) to receive patent haemostasis with TR Band™ device or conventional haemostasis with an elastic adhesive bandage. The primary outcome is the incidence of radial artery occlusion. Secondary outcomes are Barbeau's test curve change, additional time to achieve haemostasis, incidence of bleeding at the puncture site, pain severity, development of arteriovenous fistula, radial pseudo aneurysm, any access-site complication requiring vascular surgery intervention and costs between the two devices. DISCUSSION The results of this trial should provide valuable additional information on the best approach for haemostasis after transradial percutaneous cardiovascular interventions.

Resumen OBJETIVO Protocolo de ensayo clínico randomizado para evaluar la incidencia de oclusión de la arteria radial con dos dispositivos de compresión arterial después de pasar por procedimientos transradiales. MÉTODO Se realizará el test de Barbeau en adultos que están esperando una intervención transradial. Se seleccionarán aquellos con padrones pletismográficos A, B o C. Al final del procedimiento, se dividirán a los pacientes de forma aleatoria (1:1) para recibir la hemostasia patente con dispositivo TR Band™ o hemostasia convencional con vendaje elástico adhesivo. El resultado primario es la incidencia de oclusión de la arteria radial. Los resultados secundarios son la alteración de la curva del test de Barbeau, tiempo adicional para alcanzar la hemostasia, incidencia de sangrado en el local de la punción, intensidad del dolor, desarrollo de una fístula arteriovenosa, pseudoaneurisma, cualquier complicación en el lugar de acceso que necesite intervención quirúrgica vascular y costos entre ambos dispositivos. DISCUSIÓN Los resultados de este estudio deben proporcionar informaciones adicionales valiosas sobre un mejor enfoque para la hemostasia luego de intervenciones cardiovasculares percutáneas transradiales.

Resumo OBJETIVO Protocolo de ensaio clínico randomizado para avaliar a incidência de oclusão da artéria radial com dois dispositivos diferentes de compressão arterial após procedimentos transradiais. MÉTODOS O teste de Barbeau será realizado em adultos que serão submetidos a procedimentos de intervenção transradial previamente agendados. Aqueles com padrões pletismográficos A, B ou C serão selecionados. No final do procedimento, os pacientes serão distribuídos aleatoriamente (1:1) para receber hemostasia patente com dispositivo TR Band™ ou hemostasia convencional com bandagem elástica adesiva. O desfecho primário é a incidência da oclusão da artéria radial. Os desfechos secundários são alteração da curva do teste de Barbeau, tempo adicional para atingir a hemostasia, incidência de sangramento no local da punção, intensidade da dor, desenvolvimento de fístula arteriovenosa, pseudoaneurisma, qualquer complicação no local de acesso que necessite intervenção cirúrgica vascular e custos entre os dois dispositivos. DISCUSSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo devem fornecer informações adicionais valiosas sobre a melhor abordagem para a hemostasia após intervenções cardiovasculares percutâneas transradiais.

On- vs. off-hours admission of patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: data from a tertiary university Brazilian hospital

Introduction: Early reperfusion therapy is crucial in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Off-hours hospital presentation may increase the time from pain to coronary reperfusion, and it may be responsible for increased cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different times of presentation (on- and off-hours) on early mortality and major cardiovascular outcomes in patients with STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We have included consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI between April 2011 and November 2016 in a tertiary university hospital in southern Brazil. Patients were divided into on- and off-hours admission. In-hospital and 30-day outcomes were evaluated. Results: A total of 301 patients (57.4%) were admitted during off-hours, and 223 (42.5%) during on-hours. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. Median door-to-balloon time was higher in the off-hours group than in the on-hours group: 75 min (IQR 60-95) vs. 60 min (IQR 50-73.7) respectively (p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was similar between groups (odds ratio [OR] = 0.56; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.31-1.03; p = 0.06) and at 30-day follow-up (OR = 0.2; 95%CI 0.02-1.72 p = 0.14). In the matched cohort, no difference was found in the rates of in-hospital mortality (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 0.75-5.32; p = 0.16) and 30-day MACE (OR= 0.9; 95%CI 0.49-1.66; p = 0.75). Conclusions: In our center with PCI available 24/7 - without in-house staff - we did not observe any difference in patient characteristics, management, and outcomes, although a significant longer door-to-balloon time was found in patients treated during night shifts. Our results are consistent with those of other trials.

Síndrome coronariana aguda como apresentação atípica do fenômeno de roubo subclávio / Acute coronary syndrome as an atypical presentation of the phenomenon of subclavian steal

Roubo coronariano da subclávia (RCS) é um fenômeno raro que ocorre em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica com enxerto de artéria torácica interna esquerda (ATIE) e que causa estenose da artéria subclávia ipsilateral e proximal à origem da ATIE. Relatamos o caso de um paciente masculino de 65 anos que apresentou quadro atípico de síndrome do RCS, manifestando-se como síndrome coronariana aguda no pós-operatório de cirurgia vascular (AU)

Coronary subclavian steal (CSS) is a rare phenomenon that occurs in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery using the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) causing stenosis of the ipsilateral subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the LITA. We report the case of a 65-year-old male patient who presented with atypical CSS syndrome, manifesting as acute coronary syndrome after vascular surgery (AU)

Syntax Score and Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease: Results from a Cohort Study in a University-Affiliated Hospital in Southern Brazil / Syntax Escore e Eventos Cardíacos Adversos Maiores em Pacientes com Suspeita de Doença Arterial Coronariana: Resultados de um Estudo de Coorte em Hospital Universitário no Sul do Brasil

Abstract Background: The importance of coronary anatomy in predicting cardiovascular events is well known. The use of traditional anatomical scores in routine angiography, however, has not been incorporated to clinical practice. SYNTAX score (SXscore) is a scoring system that estimates the anatomical extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). Its ability to predict outcomes based on a baseline diagnostic angiography has not been tested to date. Objective: To evaluate the performance of the SXscore in predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients referred for diagnostic angiography. Methods: Prospective cohort of 895 patients with suspected CAD referred for elective diagnostic coronary angiography from 2008 to 2011, at a university-affiliated hospital in Brazil. They had their SXscores calculated and were stratified in three categories: no significant CAD (n = 495), SXscoreLOW-INTERMEDIATE: < 23 (n = 346), and SXscoreHIGH: ≥ 23 (n = 54). Primary outcome was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and late revascularization. Secondary endpoints were the components of MACE and death from any cause. Results: On average, patients were followed up for 1.8 ± 1.4 years. The primary outcome occurred in 2.2%, 15.3%, and 20.4% in groups with no significant CAD, SXscoreLOW-INTERMEDIATE, and SXscoreHIGH, respectively (p < 0.001). All-cause death was significantly higher in the SXscoreHIGH compared with the 'no significant CAD' group, 16.7% and 3.8% (p < 0.001), respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors, all outcomes remained associated with the SXscore. Conclusions: SXscore independently predicts MACE in patients submitted to diagnostic coronary angiography. Its routine use in this setting could identify patients with worse prognosis.

Resumo Fundamento: A importância da anatomia coronariana na predição de eventos cardiovasculares é bem conhecida. O uso de escores anatômicos tradicionais na cineangiocoronariografia de rotina, entretanto, não foi incorporado à prática clínica. O SYNTAX escore (SXescore) é um sistema de escore que estima a extensão anatômica da doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Sua capacidade para predizer desfechos com base na cineangiocoronariografia diagnóstica de base ainda não foi testada. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho do SXescore para predizer eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (MACE) em pacientes encaminhados para cineangiocoronariografia diagnóstica. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva de 895 pacientes com suspeita de DAC encaminhados para cineangiocoronariografia diagnóstica eletiva de 2008 a 2011, em hospital universitário no Brasil. Os pacientes tiveram seus SXescores calculados e foram estratificados em três categorias: 'sem DAC significativa' (n = 495); SXescoreBAIXO-INTERMEDIÁRIO: < 23 (n = 346); e SXescoreALTO: ≥ 23 (n = 54). O desfecho primário foi composto de morte cardíaca, infarto do miocárdio e revascularização tardia. Os desfechos secundários foram MACE e morte por todas as causas. Resultados: Em média, os pacientes foram acompanhados por 1,8 ± 1,4 anos. Desfecho primário ocorreu em 2,2%, 15,3% e 20,4% nos grupos 'sem DAC significativa', SXescoreBAIXO-INTERMEDIÁRIO e SXescoreALTO, respectivamente (p < 0,001). Morte por todas as causas foi significativamente mais frequente no grupo de SXescoreALTO comparado ao grupo 'sem DAC significativa', 16,7% e 3,8% (p < 0,001), respectivamente. Após ajuste para fatores de confusão, todos os desfechos permaneceram associados com o SXescore. Conclusão: O SXescore prediz independentemente MACE em pacientes submetidos a cineangiocoronariografia diagnóstica. Seu uso rotineiro nesse contexto poderia identificar pacientes de pior prognóstico.

Cateterismo cardíaco direito por acesso venoso antecubital guiado por ultrassonografia / Right heart catheterization through ultrasound-guided antecubital vein approach

Introdução: As complicações no cateterismo cardíaco direito estão quase sempre relacionadas ao local de acesso. As veias do antebraço podem ser um alvo para reduzir tais complicações durante o procedimento. No entanto, dados relativos à ampla aplicação desta técnica são escassos. Métodos: Série de casos que relata nossas primeiras experiências com o cateterismo cardíaco direito por acesso venoso antecubital. Resultados: Tentamos realizar o cateterismo cardíaco direito em 20 pacientes com abordagem antecubital em janeiro de 2016. A abordagem antecubital foi bem-sucedida em 19 casos (95,0%). Todos os acessos venosos foram obtidos guiados por ultrassonografia. Os cateterismos cardíacos direito e esquerdo foram realizados simultaneamente em 12 casos (60,0%). O cateterismo cardíaco esquerdo foi realizado através da artéria radial direita em 11 casos (91,7%), e da artéria braquial direita em 1 caso (8,3%). O acesso antecubital foi obtido pela veia basílica em 18 (94,7%) casos, e pela veia cefálica em 1 (5,3%) caso. Conclusões: O cateterismo cardíaco direito através das veias da prega antecubital parece ser viável e seguro. Outros estudos controlados são necessários para estabelecer o melhor local de acesso para realizar o cateterismo cardíaco direito

Background: Complications in right heart catheterization are almost all access-site related. Forearm veins may be a target to reduce access-site complications during the procedure. However, data regarding wide application of this technique is scarce. Methods: This is a case-series that reports our first experiences in right heart catheterization through the antecubital approach. Results: We attempted to perform right heart catheterization in 20 patients using antecubital approach on January 2016. The antecubital approach was successful in 19 (95.0%) cases. All venous access were obtained with ultrasound guidance. Simultaneous right and left heart catheterization was performed in 12 cases (60.0%). Left heart catheterization was performed through right radial artery in 11 cases (91.7%) and through the right brachial artery in 1 case (8.3%). Antecubital access was obtained through the basilic vein in 18 (94.7%) cases and through the cephalic vein in 1 (5.3%) case. Conclusions: Right heart catheterization through the antecubital fossa veins appears to be feasible and safe. Further controlled studies are required to establish the best access site to perform right heart catheterization

Desfechos cardiovasculares em pacientes tratados com intervenção percutânea coronária primária em hospital geral terciário / Cardiovascular outcomes in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a general tertiary hospital

Introdução: Existem poucos dados nacionais a respeito dos resultados da intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária, e os registros são uma ótima ferramenta para a avaliação do perfil dos pacientes e dos desfechos pós-procedimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil dos pacientes com ICP primária em um hospital geral terciário, bem como avaliar os desfechos cardiovasculares hospitalares e em 30 dias. Métodos: Foram incluídos todos os pacientes submetidos à ICP primária entre 2012 a 2015. Trata-se de um registro prospectivo, no qual os desfechos clínicos analisados foram a ocorrência de morte, infarto ou acidente vascular cerebral, e eventos cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares maiores (ECCAM). Resultados: Foram incluídos 323 pacientes, com idade 60 ± 12 anos, sendo 66,7% do sexo masculino, 28,5% diabéticos. Na admissão, 13,5% dos pacientes apresentavam-se em Killip III/IV. O tempo dor-porta foi de 4,4 ± 2,5 horas e o tempo porta-balão foi 68,0 ± 34,0 minutos. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 9,9%, e 18,3% dos pacientes apresentaram ECCAM em 30 dias. Conclusões: Os pacientes submetidos à ICP primária apresentaram taxas elevadas de ECCAM, que podem ser atribuídas à apresentação clínica mais grave e a um longo tempo de isquemia. Um atendimento mais rápido destes pacientes, variável modificável, demanda uma atenção imediata do sistema de saúde

Background: There are few national data on the results of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and registries are a great tool for assessing patient profiles and post-procedure outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of patients with primary PCI in a general tertiary hospital, as well as to evaluate in-hospital and 30-day cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: The study included all patients submitted to primary PCI between 2012 and 2015. This was a prospective registry, in which the analyzed clinical outcomes were the occurrence of death, infarction, or stroke, and major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Results: The study included 323 patients, aged 60 ± 12 years, of whom 66.7% were males, 28.5% diabetics. At admission, 13.5% of the patients were classified as Killip class III/IV. The pain-to-door time was 4.4 ± 2.5 hours and the door-to-balloon time was 68.0 ± 34.0 minutes. Hospital mortality was 9.9%, and 18.3% of the patients presented MACCE in 30 days. Conclusions: Patients submitted to primary PCI had high rates of MACCE, which can be attributed to the more severe clinical presentation and to a long time of ischemia. The faster treatment of these patients, a modifiable variable, demands immediate attention from the health system

Volume Plaquetário Médio Como Preditor de Desfechos Cardiovasculares Maiores e Fluxo Coronariano Final em Pacientes Submetidos à Intervenção Coronária Percutânea Primária / Mean Platelet Volume as a Predictor of Major Cardiovascular Outcomes and Final Coronary Flow in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Introdução: As plaquetas desempenham papel fundamental na fisiopatologia do infarto agudo do miocárdio. Existem evidências de que plaquetas de maior volume apresentem potencial pró- -trombótico aumentado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o volume plaquetário médio pode predizer o fluxo coronariano do vaso tratado e os desfechos cardiovasculares adversos em pacientes com infarto do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea primária. Métodos: Desfecho primário foi considerado como a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares adversos (morte, acidente vascular cerebral, infarto agudo do miocárdio, trombose de stent, angina e insuficiência cardíaca classes 3 ou 4) em 30 dias. Desfecho secundário foi avaliado por meio da análise angiográfica do fluxo TIMI pós-procedimento. Resultados: Dos 215 pacientes incluídos no registro de intervenção coronária percutânea primária, 168 (78,6%) tiveram volume plaquetário médio calculado antes do procedimento e foram analisados no presente estudo. Valores do volume plaquetário médio foram estratificados em tercis, sendo considerado um valor elevado > 11 fentolitros (fl). Volume plaquetário médio > 11 fl foi preditor independente de eventos cardiovasculares em 30 dias (p = 0,02). Observou-se que pacientes com fluxo final TIMI zero ou 1 demonstraram ...

Background: Platelets play a key role in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction. There is evidence that higher platelet volumes may have increased prothrombotic potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether mean platelet volume can predict culprit coronary vessel flow and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: Primary endpoint was the composite of adverse cardiovascular events (death, stroke, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, class-III or IV angina and heart failure) at 30 days. The secondary endpoint was evaluated by the angiographic TIMI flow grade after the procedure. Results: Of the 215 patients included in the primary percutaneous coronary intervention registry, 168 (78.6%) had their mean platelet volume calculated before the procedure and were analyzed in the present study. Mean platelet volume values were stratified in tertiles, and a high value was considered as > 11 femtoliters (fL). Mean platelet volume > 11 fL was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events at 30 days (p = 0.02). It was observed that patients with final TIMI flow grade zero or 1 showed a trend towards higher mean platelet volume compared with those with final TIMI flow 2 or 3 (11.3 ± 0.9 fL vs. 10.5 ± 1.3 fL; p = 0.06). Conclusions: Baseline mean platelet volume is a simple, useful, and easy to measure marker to predict ...

Sangramento gastrintestinal por angiodisplasia e estenose aórtica: síndrome de Heyde / Gastrointestinal bleeding due to angiodysplasia in a patient with severe aortic stenosis: Heyde's syndrome

Existe uma associação frequente entre estenose valvar aórtica e sangramento gastrintestinal, também conhecida como síndrome de Heyde. A base fisiopatológica dessa síndrome parece ser uma deficiência adquirida do fator de von Willebrand, que leva ao sangramento de malformações arteriovenosas angiodisplásicas. As alternativas de tratamento incluem a localização de pontos de sangramento e a cauterização, mas tal opção terapêutica está associada a alta recorrência. A substituição da válvula parece oferecer a melhor esperança de resolução a longo prazo do sangramento e deve ser considerada na maioria das vezes. Relatamos aqui o caso de uma paciente de 79 anos com estenose aórtica e sangramento gastrintestinal devido à angiodisplasia duodenal, tratada por implante transcateter de válvula aórtica.

There is a frequent association between aortic valve stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding, also known as Heyde's syndrome. The pathophysiologic basis for this syndrome seems to be an acquired von Willebrand factor deficiency, leading to bleeding of angiodysplastic arteriovenous malformations. Treatment options include the location and cauterization of bleeding points, which is associated to high recurrence rates. Valve replacement appears to offer the best hope of long-term resolution of bleeding, and should be considered in most cases. We report a 79 year-old patient with aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding due to duodenal angiodysplasia treated by transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Associação entre doença periodontal e síndrome coronariana aguda / Association between periodontal disease and acute coronary syndrome

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre a DP e SCA e verificar a associação entre a DP e periodontite em pacientes com SCA. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 58 pacientes com diagnóstico de SCA e 57 controles, sem história de doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Variáveis: hipertensão arterial, diabete, dislipidemia, obesidade, história de DAC, tabagismo e polimorfismo genético do gene da interleucina-1beta. RESULTADOS: Fizeram parte do estudo 115 indivíduos. No grupo SCA, 58 pacientes foram avaliados, sendo 32 (55,2 por cento) do sexo masculino e 26 (44,8 por cento) do sexo feminino. No grupo controle, 57 indivíduos, sendo 32 (56,1 por cento) do sexo masculino e 25 (43,9 por cento) do sexo feminino. Verificou-se DP em 26 (44,8 por cento) pacientes com SCA e em 15 (26,6 por cento) pacientes do grupo controle (beta2 = 4,43, p = 0,04). Análise pela regressão logística, para a associação entre DP e SCA, demonstrou RC de 1,8 (IC 95 por cento: 1,0-5,0); p = 0,24. A associação de periodontite com SCA apresentou RC: 4,5 (IC 95 por cento: 1,3-15,6); p = 0,019. CONCLUSÃO: Não observamos associação independente entre a DP e SCA. Houve associação independente entre periodontite e SCA.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between PD and ACS and the association of PD and periodontitis in ACS patients. METHODS: Fifty-eight ACS patients and 57 controls with no history of coronary artery disease (CAD) were included in the study. Variables: arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, history of CAD, cigarette smoking, and interleukin-1beta gene polymorphism. RESULTS: One hundred and fifteen subjects were enrolled in the study. In the ACS group, 58 patients were evaluated, 32 of whom (55.2 percent) were male and 26 (44.8 percent), female. In the control group, 57 subjects were evaluated, 32 (56.1 percent) of whom were male and 25 (43.9 percent), female. Periodontal disease was diagnosed in 26 (44.8 percent) ACS patients and 15 (26.6 percent) control patients (beta2 = 4.43, p = 0.04). In a logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for association between PD and ACS was 1.8 (95 percent CI: 1.0-5.0); p = 0.24. The odds ratio for association of periodontitis with ACS was 4.5 (95 percent CI: 1.3-15.6); p = 0.019. CONCLUSION: No independent association was found between PD and ACS. There was an independent association between periodontitis and ACS.

Impacto das manobras de reanimação cardiorespiratória cerebral em um hospital geral: fatores prognósticos e desfechos / Impact of cerebral cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers in a general hospital: prognostic factors and outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To assess survival of patients undergoing cerebral cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers and to identify prognostic factors for short-term survival. METHODS: Prospective study with patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers. RESULTS: The study included 150 patients. Spontaneous circulation was re-established in 88 (58 percent) patients, and 42 (28 percent) were discharged from the hospital. The necessary number of patients treated to save 1 life in 12 months was 3.4. The presence of ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia (VF/VT) as the initial rhythm, shorter times of cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers and cardiopulmonary arrest, and greater values of mean blood pressure (BP) prior to cardiopulmonary arrest were independent variables for re-establishment of spontaneous circulation and hospital discharge. The odds ratios for hospital discharge were as follows: 6.1 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 2.7-13.6), when the initial rhythm was VF/VT; 9.4 (95 percent CI = 4.1-21.3), when the time of cerebral cardiopulmonary resuscitation was < 15 min; 9.2 (95 percent CI = 3.9-21.3), when the time of cardiopulmonary arrest was < 20 min; and 5.7 (95 percent CI = 2.4-13.7), when BP was > 70 mmHg. CONCLUSION: The presence of VF/VT as the initial rhythm, shorter times of cerebral cardiopulmonary resuscitation and of cardiopulmonary arrest, and a greater value of BP prior to cardiopulmonary arrest were independent variables of better prognosis

Fatores preditigvos de complicações após o implante de stents coronarianos / Predictive factors of complications after coronary stent implantation

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the predictive factors of complications after implantation of coronary stents in a consecutive cohort study. METHODS: Clinical and angiographic characteristics related to the procedure were analyzed, and the incidence of major cardiovascular complications (myocardial infarction, urgent surgery, new angioplasty, death) in the in-hospital phase were recorded. Data were stored in an Access database and analyzed by using the SPSS 6.0 statistical program and a stepwise backwards multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS: One thousand eighteen (mean age of 61±11 years, 29 percent females) patients underwent 1,070 stent implantations. The rate of angiographic success was 96.8 percent, the rate of clinical success was 91 percent, and the incidence of major cardiovascular complications was 7.9 percent. The variables independently associated with major cardiovascular complications, with their respective odds ratio (OR) were: rescue stent, OR = 5.1 (2.7-9.6); filamentary stent, OR = 4.5 (2.2-9.1); first-generation tubular stent, OR = 2.4 (1.2-4.6); multiple stents, OR = 3 (1.6-5.6); complexity of the lesion, OR = 2.4 (1.1-5.1); thrombus, OR = 2 (1.1-3.5). CONCLUSION: The results stress the importance of angiographic variables and techniques in the risk of complications and draw attention to the influence of the stent's design on the result of the procedure