Extraction and isolation of important bioactive compounds from the fruit of Physalis ixocarpa

The current study investigates pharmaceutically important bioactive compounds in the fruits of Physalis ixocarpa. Two different extractions methods were used to study its effect on percent extract yield, recovery of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The data indicated that Soxhlet extraction had high efficiency of recovery than maceration method for extracting compounds; percent extract yield and antioxidant activity of the extracts. In maceration, the percent extract yield was found to be in order of water >methanol >ethyl acetate whereas in Soxhlet extraction, it was in order of methanol >water >ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate extract produced by Soxhlet extraction showed strong antioxidant activity of 59.7% [250ppm] as compared to other extracts. Analysis of ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of Triglyceride. GC-MS study of triglyceride revealed the presence of trilinoleinic acid [9,12Octadecdienoic acid], tripalmitin [hexadecanoic acid] and trioleinic acid [9-Octa decenoic acid]. Four impure and three pure compounds were isolated from crude methanol extract of the fruit. The structure of pure compounds were identified by NMR and characterized as sugar, glucose and fructose

Therapeutic evaluation of unani pharmacopoeial formulations for hisat-e-kulyah [nephrolithiasis]

Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common health hazards worldwide. Despite advance technology of lithotripsy the management of renal calculi remains a challenge. Most of the Indian patients prefer alternative medicine rather undergoing painful surgery. The present paper deals with case study in which a 33 years old male patient of bilateral multiple renal calculi was treated with Unani pharmacopoeia! medicine: Qurs Kaknaj, Qurs Kushta Hajnd Yahood, Arq Kasni and Sharbat-e-Buzoori Motadil as oral medication. Patient showed promising result in subsequent investigations and finally recovered from renal calculi without undergoing surgery?

Antimicrobial potentials of different solvent extracted samples from Physalis ixocarpa

The present study investigates the antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracted samples isolated from different parts of Physalis ixocarpa through disc diffusion assay using three different concentrations. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that different parts of the plant showed varying degree of inhibition against different bacteria at different concentrations. Different solvent extracted samples from the calyx showed inhibitory activity against most of the bacteria under study. Extracts from leaf and fruit samples showed activity against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae and extracts from the stem tissues were effective to control the growth of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Crude methanolic extract from the stem and n-butanol extracted samples from fruit exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae at highest concentrations. Antifungal activity was observed only in crude methanol extract from the leaf against Rhizopus stolinifer, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum

Exercise tolerance test: a comparison between true positive and false positive test results

To study the factors which predetermine the coronary artery disease in patients having positive Exercise Tolerance Test [ETT] after comparing the ETT test results and coronary angiographic findings in true positive and false positive groups. This Cross-sectional study was conducted at Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004. All patients who had ETT done for chest pain diagnosis were studied. Patients were advised coronary angiography if ETT was positive for exercise induced ischaemia. One hundred and forty eight patients had coronary angiography done after positive ETT. Patients were divided into two groups depending upon the angiographic findings, i.e., true positive and false positive. Both groups were compared with each other. Results: Out of 148 patients, 126 [85.1%] patients had true positive ETT and 22 [14.9%] patients had false positive ETT. The mean age of patients in true positive group was 48.96 +/- 9.08 years and 50.9 +/- 7.85 years in false positive group. One hundred and eighteen [93.7%] male patients and 8 [6.3%] female patients had true positive ETT, whereas 14 [63.6%] males and 8 [36.4%] females had false positive ETT [p < 0.0001]. There was no statistically significant difference in the two groups in comparison of age and other conventional risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, family history and dyslipidemia. Abnormal resting ECG had a statistically significant difference between the groups [p < 0.04], likewise is hypertensive haemodynamic response during ETT [p < 0.003]. The symptom limited ETT as compared to no symptoms during ETT also conferred a statistically significant difference between the groups [p<0.0001]. Strongly positive ETT was also associated with true positive ETT [p < 0.002]. Amongst the vessels involved the most common was the LAD 113 [89.7%], followed by LCX 80 [63.5%] and the RCA 72 [57.1%]. Most of the patients 51 [40.5%] had three vessel disease as compared to SVD 34 [27%]. It can be concluded that amongst the patients who have positive ETT, females with abnormal resting ECG, who achieve target heart rate and have a hypertensive haemodynamic response with no symptoms are likely to have a false positive test result. Conversely male patients with normal resting ECG who do not achieve target heart rate, have a normotensive haemodynamic response and a strongly positive, symptom limited ETT are likely to have a true positive treadmill test result