ABSTRACT
Introduction: The photostress recovery test (PSRT), dependson resynthesis of visual pigments and measures the time torecover after bleaching due to light exposure. Abnormalrecovery times in retinal diseases or toxicity suggests thatthe pathology in these conditions involves the outer layerof the retina or the pigment epithelium. Aim: 1) To measurephotostress recovery time in chronic alcoholics males; (2)To measure photostress recovery time in apparently healthymales; (3) To compare photostress recovery time in apparentlyhealthy males and chronic healthy malesMaterial and methods: Photostress recovery time wasrecorded using Photostress Recovery Tester (GT – 991Medicaid: Chandigarh). The subject was presented with ahigh beam of light focused on the eyes of subjects for shortand fixed period of time. As soon as light stimulation wasover, a word was displayed on screen for subject to read andautomatically the clock started counting in seconds. Whenthe subject recognized the word displayed he pressed the stopbutton on the remote control and read it out aloud, the clockstopped counting and word disappeared.Result: The p-value was statistically significant with a valueof 0.003 showing a comparable difference of PSRT in groupI and group II.Conclusion: Alcohol predisposes nervous tissue to injury viamultiple mechanisms, including the development of oxidativestress. Retina is another among the vulnerable area for redoxchanges caused due alcohol intoxication, with lower thresholdlevels of ethanol tolerance.
ABSTRACT
With the advancement in technology and change in lifestyle, social shifts have been moving towards night life and the correlation between obesity and sleep duration has become even much stronger. Present study was done to find out any correlation between obesity with sleep patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness among the medical college students of MMIMSR, Mullana. Methods: 500 participants, of which 250 male and 250 female student participants of age group 18-25 years were randomly taken from Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana [Ambala] for the study. The students were examined thoroughly under similar laboratory condition so as to exclude those with the history of any acute or chronic illness or on long term medication or with a history of traumatic injuries. Pittsburg sleep quality Index (PSQI) scale was taken to access sleep patterns. Each student was given a standardized and validated questionnaire in a form of proforma to determine their sleep patterns. By using Quetelet index, BMI of each student was calculated and Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated indirectly by following the protocol of Queen’s College Step Test [QCT] method by calculating VO2max. Results: The result of our study showed highly positive significant association and correlation between obesity and sleep patterns in both male and female groups and highly significant correlation between obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness in both male and female groups. Conclusion: Proper awareness and education at early stage is extremely important to impress the consequences of low sleep duration and in prevention of development of obesity and improvement in the cardiorespiratory fitness.
ABSTRACT
There is an increase in proportion of workers suffering from occupational diseases. In occupational respiratory diseases, pulmonary function tests are the most important and widely used diagnostic tool. Limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of wool dust on pulmonary function parameters. Hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the pulmonary function parameters in workers of woolen industry. This study was done on 150 subjects of either gender who were divided into two groups of 75 each. Group I comprised of healthy subjects who served as controls and group II included workers of woolen industry. The values of lung function parameters i.e. volumes and flow rates in these workers were found to be lower than the healthy controls. The significant reduction in percentage predicted values of FEV1 (82 vs 59), FVC (79 vs 63) and MVV (77 vs 64) in workers as compared to healthy controls indicates obstructive pattern of respiratory abnormality. In male workers, percentage predicted FEV1% was significantly lower. The values of all other parameters were lower in female workers. There was a significant decrease in FEV1 and FVC with increase in age in group I and this negative correlation was statistically significant. The decrease in respiratory volumes and flow rates was more with increase in duration of exposure to wool dust. It can be concluded that wool dust present in environment of woolen industry affected the pulmonary function parameters of the workers leading to obstructive pattern of respiratory changes.
ABSTRACT
Physical exercise provides multiple benefits to an individual. However, the beneficial effect of exercise on psychomotor performance remains controversial. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT). Fifty subjects were enrolled consisting of healthy subjects who were not exercising (n=25; group I) and subjects doing regular aerobic exercisers (n=25; group II). ART and VRT were recorded using digital display response time apparatus equipped with three lights (red, green and yellow) and three auditory stimuli (low, medium and high pitched sounds). The mean VRT of group II subjects (318.24±6.709) was significantly lower than that of group I (505.73±16.961) (P<0.001). The mean ART of group II subjects (313.33±8.160) was significantly lower than that of group I (573.09±17.950) (P<0.001). Auditory and visual reaction times are better in aerobic exercisers as compared to non-exercisers irrespective of age and gender.
ABSTRACT
Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by disturbing somatic and behavioural symptoms that develop after ovulation, reach a maximum during premenstrual days and disappear four days after the onset of menstruation. The aim of present study is to investigate the relationship between serum levels of estradiol and progesterone in luteal phase and PMS symptom severity in patients with PMS. We selected sixty young healthy adult females in the age group 15 and 30 and rated them for PMS symptoms. Daily blood samples were taken in follicular phase (5-8 days) and luteal phase(22-26 days). Serum estradiol and progesterone were analyzed using commercial RIA kit. Based on premenstrual hormone concentrations patients were divided into groups with high, normal and low hormonal levels. It was found that in females with a premenstrual increase in serum estradiol and decrease in serum progesterone levels , symptoms were 70 % and 70.6 % respectively, (p<0.01for both) which is statistically significant .
ABSTRACT
The incidence of ischemic heart disease is well documented in the literature in post menopausal women but the degree of deterioration of left ventricular performance in estrogen deficient state in women is not very clear. The present study was conducted to find the left ventricular performance by recording systolic time intervals (STIs) in 50 post menopausal women having either natural or surgical menopause and that was compared with 25 premenopausal controls. There was significant (P<0.01) increase in QS2-I, PEP-I and PEP/LVET ratio but significant (P<0.01) decrease in LVETI in surgical menopause group whereas the natural menopause group showed less increase in QS2-I (P<0.05), PEP/LVET ratio (P<0.01) and decrease (P<0.01) in LVET-1. Thus, the performance of left ventricle is more affected in surgical menopause group as compared to natural menopause group. The ventricular dysfunction was observed by STIs prior to the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The success of any teaching programme lies in planning a curriculum which allows the students to gain maximum meaningful knowledge in the short span of time available. To achieve this goal, it is very important to have adequate communication between teachers and students. The students undoubtedly are in the best position to comment on the effectiveness of any teaching system and they may be regarded as the best judges to assess the teaching and evaluation methods. Objectives: This study was designed to obtain feedback on teaching and evaluation methods in the subject of physiology from the students of two successive batches, after passing their first professional undergraduate medical examination. Method: A written questionnaire covering topics on various teaching and evaluation methods was used to get feedback from students. Conclusion: Students were satisfied with all teaching methods except vertical integrated seminars. Majority of the students showed preference for grand stage, short answer questions and revision cum self study. Practical demonstrations were found to be useful. All students felt that there should be more time for revision and self study.
ABSTRACT
Incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) increases sharply after menopause in women. Rate pressure product (RPP) is a major determinant of cardiac oxygen consumption. It is an important indicator of ventricular function. RPP varies with exercise. The peak rate pressure product (PRPP) which gives an accurate reflection of the myocardial oxygen demand and myocardial workload is the RPP at peak of exercise. The higher the PRPP, the more will be myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). The ability to reach higher PRPP is associated with more adequate coronary perfusion. Thus the low value of PRPP suggests significant compromise of coronary perfusion and decreased left ventricular function. In the present study effect of exercise on RPP of pre and postmenopausal women with CAD was compared. The percentage increase in RPP was significantly more in postmenopausal women with CAD (62%) as compared to premenopausal women with CAD (54%) indicating more compromised coronary perfusion in postmenopausal women.