Patterns and etiology of maxillofacial fractures in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

The aim of the present study was to study the etiologies and patterns of Maxillofacial fractures in patients treated in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, between 2007 and 2011. Data were obtained through a retrospective review of 237 patients admitted to the King Saud Medical City Dental Department with a diagnosis of maxillofacial trauma. After excluding patient files with incomplete or unclear records, and cases in which computed tomography showed no evidence of fracture, the files of 200 patients with a diagnosis of maxillofacial fracture were included in the study. For each case, patient's sex and age, pattern of facial fractures, and cause of injury were recorded on a data sheet. The data were transferred to an SPSS [ver. 16.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA] spreadsheet for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used to test the association between two categorical variables or factors [age group, cause] with p value set at p < 0.05, and t-test value at < 0.05 and independent. Motor vehicle accidents were the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures in most age groups, especially in males. Within the study sample, mandibular fractures were significantly more common than middle-third facial fractures [56.4% vs. 43.6%; p= 0.006]. Among mandibular fractures, parasymphyseal fractures were most common [47%], followed by condylar fractures [35.3%]. Most [77.2%] middle-third facial fractures involved the zygomatic complex, and the incidence of such fractures differed significantly between male and female patients. p=0.72, not significant. Males were more prone to maxillofacial fractures, perhaps as a result of the conservative nature of Saudi society, as the rules of Saudi Arabia do not allow the females to drive. Motor vehicle accidents were the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures in patients aged

Effect of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate [histoacryl blue] on bone healing [a histologic study on guinea pigs]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of n butyl-2-cyanoacryl ate on bone healing. Thirty adult male guinea pigs with an average weight of 400-500 grams were used in this study Animals were divided into two groups [A and B] Group [A] included 21 animals, and Group [B] was a control group which included 9 animals. Each animal of both groups was subjected to a unilateral [left side] mandibular body surgically created [1] mm width bony defect, the inferior border of the mandible was left intact, the surgically created defects of Group [A] were filled with Bulyl-2-cyanoacrylate. While, the surgically created defects of Group [B] were left to heal spontaneously without any materials added. Clinical results and observations showed no infection or foreign body reaction in any of the animals either the control or the study group Histological results by the end of the second week the histoacryl group showed less granulation tissue and mild inflammation compared to the control sites At the end of the third week, the control showed more pronounced granulation tissue regression and decreased inflammation compared to the study sites, and by the end of the fourth week, both the control and study sites exhibited similar histology with absence of inflammation and granulation tissue. The application of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive to bone defects shows absence of foreign body reactions, infection, and no disturbance of bone heating, with an anti-inflammatory effect, yet it should be used with caution to decrease the amount of the glue introduced inside the gap as a residue of the glue was seen histologically in the first two weeks after the application