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ABSTRACT Introduction: Muscle strength training can increase the strength of the phasic muscles, aiding in balance and body stability. Running is a physical-dominant speed sport where strength-speed is two crucial quality in the athletic training of its practitioners. It is believed that training muscle strength at high-intensity intervals can increase athletic speed performance. However, there is no determinant point to determine the peak of this relationship. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of high-intensity interval muscular strength training on the physical conditioning of athletes. This paper also examines the relationship between muscular strength training and performance training in sprinters. Methods: Twenty sprinter volunteers were randomly selected as research subjects, divided without discrepancies into control and experimental groups, with ten people each. Mathematical statistics were used to analyze the physiological indicators of the subjects before and after muscle strength training. At the same time, the statistical correlation method was applied to analyze the performance changes of athletes before and after the exercise cycle. Results: After muscle strength training, the athletes in the experimental group were better than those before the training. The data were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Muscle strength training can promote the physical conditioning of sprinters. At the same time, the training mode can also improve the athlete's performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento de força muscular pode aumentar a força dos músculos fásicos, auxiliando no equilíbrio e na estabilidade corporal. Correr é um esporte de velocidade físico-dominante onde força e velocidade são duas qualidades cruciais na capacitação atlética dos seus profissionais. Acredita-se que o treino da força muscular em intervalos de alta intensidade possa aumentar o desempenho da velocidade atlética, porém não há um ponto determinante onde determinar o pico dessa relação. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o efeito do treinamento de força muscular intervalado de alta intensidade no condicionamento físico dos atletas. Este artigo também examina a relação entre treinamento de força muscular e treinamento de desempenho em velocistas. Métodos: Selecionou-se aleatoriamente 20 voluntários velocistas como sujeitos de pesquisa, divididos sem discrepâncias em grupos controle e experimental, com dez pessoas cada. Utilizou-se estatísticas matemáticas para analisar os indicadores fisiológicos dos indivíduos antes e depois do treinamento de força muscular. Ao mesmo tempo, aplicou-se o método de correlação estatística para analisar as mudanças de desempenho dos atletas antes e depois do ciclo de exercícios. Resultados: Após o treinamento de força muscular, os atletas do grupo experimental foram melhores do que os anteriores ao treino. Os dados foram estatisticamente significativos (P<0,05). Conclusão: O treinamento de força muscular pode promover o condicionamento físico dos velocistas. Ao mesmo tempo, o modo de treinamento também pode melhorar o desempenho do atleta. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular puede aumentar la fuerza de los músculos fásicos, ayudando en el equilibrio y en la estabilidad corporal. Correr es un deporte de velocidad con predominio físico en el que la fuerza-velocidad son dos cualidades cruciales en la formación atlética de sus practicantes. Se cree que el entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular en intervalos de alta intensidad puede aumentar el rendimiento de la velocidad atlética, sin embargo, no existe un punto determinante donde determinar el pico de esta relación. Propósito: El propósito de este estudio es examinar el efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza muscular por intervalos de alta intensidad en el acondicionamiento físico de los atletas. Este documento también examina la relación entre el entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular y el entrenamiento del rendimiento en los velocistas. Métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente veinte voluntarios velocistas como sujetos de investigación, divididos sin discrepancias en grupos de control y experimental, con diez personas cada uno. Se utilizaron estadísticas matemáticas para analizar los indicadores fisiológicos de los individuos antes y después del entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular. Al mismo tiempo, se aplicó el método de correlación estadística para analizar los cambios en el rendimiento de los atletas antes y después del ciclo de ejercicios. Resultados: Tras el entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular, los atletas del grupo experimental fueron mejores que los anteriores al entrenamiento. Los datos fueron estadísticamente significativos (P<0,05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular puede favorecer la condición física de los velocistas. Al mismo tiempo, el modo de entrenamiento también puede mejorar el rendimiento del atleta. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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Aims: The aim of the study was to determine whether the time to progression (TTP) or time to untreatable progression (TTUP) is an appropriate surrogate endpoint for overall survival (OS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Materials and Methods: Eighty-four patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage B or C HCC underwent TACE. The correlations of TTP and TTUP with OS were evaluated after a log transformation of the indicated values. After identifying independent prognostic factors of TTP, TTUP, and OS, the partial correlations of TTP and TTUP with OS were analyzed in all patients and subgroups. Subsequently, the prognostic value of TTP and TTUP was compared by the multivariate survival analysis of OS. Results: Both the BCLC stage and tumor number were correlated with TTP and TTUP. In addition, the BCLC stage, initial treatment failure, and sorafenib administration were associated with OS. In all patients, the correlation coefficients of TTP and TTUP with OS were 0.559 and 0.789, respectively. Adjustment for independent prognostic factors yielded partial correlation coefficients which were 0.433 and 0.697, respectively. Furthermore, OS was found to be associated with TTUP (P = 0.003; hazard ratio: 0.253; 95% confidence interval: 0.10–0.63) but not with TTP. Conclusion: Untreatable progression is more representative of clinical progression in patients with HCC who underwent TACE. In the current study, TTUP is a more appropriate surrogate endpoint for OS than TTP. Future studies should explore whether untreatable progression is a valuable endpoint event in clinical trials or an indicator of the need for second-line therapy
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Baichanting Compound (BC) on dopamine (DA) in striatum of Parkinson's disease (PD) mice, and to screen the optimal component proportion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The PD model was established in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced C57BL/6 mice. By using uniform design, they were intervened by three extracts of BC in different proportions [Acanthopanax senticosus extract (X1): white peony root extract (X2): Uncaria rhynchophylla extract (X3) = 30.00: 34.92: 82.50, 48.00: 19.98: 72.19, 18.00: 44.88: 61.88, 36.00: 29.94: 51.56, 54.00: 15.00: 41.25, 24.00: 39.90: 30.94, 42.00: 24.96: 20.63). Equal volume of 5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium was administered to mice in the model group and the normal group by gastrogavage. All medication was lasted for 20 successive days. The dopamine (DA) content was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Except 10 in the normal group, 20 PD model mice were screened and divided into the model group and the BC group (with the optimal proportion) according to random digit table. BC extract in optimal proportion was administered to mice in the BC group by gastrogavage, while equal volume of 5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium was administered to mice in the model group and the normal group by gastrogavage. All medication was lasted for 20 successive days. Praxiology was observed in each group. DA content in striatum was also detected. Results Compared with the normal group, the DA content in striatum decreased significantly in the model group (P < 0.01), suggesting a successful PD modeling. Compared with the model group, the DA content in striatum increased significantly in 1 and 2 groups (P<0.05). According to results of quadratic polynomial stepwise regression statistics, the regression equation obtained was: Y = 0.265 + 0.026 X 2 - 0.056 X 3 + 0.334 x 10(-3) x X1 x X3 + 0.691 x 10(-3) X X3(2). X3 extract was the main factor influencing the effectiveness (P < 0.01). The optimal proportion of BC was predicted by the regression equation: X1 = 54.00 mg/(kg x d), X2 = 44.88 mg/(kg x d), the X3 = 82.50 mg/(kg x d). The pole climbing time was shortened, times of autonomic activities increased, DA content was elevated, all with statistical difference in BC groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BC could increase DA content in PD model mice with the optimal proportion as 54.00: 44.88: 82.50.</p>
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Animals , Mice , 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine , Disease Models, Animal , Dopamine , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Mass Spectrometry , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Motor Activity , Parkinson Disease , Drug Therapy , MetabolismABSTRACT
In this paper, we give an elementary proof of the result that the minimal volumes of R³ and R4 are zero. The approach is to construct a sequence of explicit complete metrics on them such that the sectional curvatures are bounded in absolute value by 1 and the volumes tend to zero. As a direct consequence, we get that MinVol (Rn) = 0 for n > 3.
Neste artigo fornecemos uma demonstração elementar do resultado de que os volumes minimais de R³ e R4 são ambos iguais a zero. A abordagem consiste na construção de uma seqüência de métricas completas explícitas nesses espaços cujas curvaturas seccionais são limitadas em valor absoluto por 1 e os volumes tendem a zero. Como conseqüência direta, estabelecemos que MinVol(Rn) = 0 para n > 3.