ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the subtype distribution and changing trend of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 strains among men who have sex with men (MSM) during 2005-2011 in Beijing.Methods Five serial cross-sectional surveys of MSM were conducted in the year of 2005-2006,2007,2008,2009,and 2010-2011 in Chaoyang district of Beijing.Whole blood samples were collected and then RNA was extracted.HIV-1 gag gene was characterized by reverse transcriptase and nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification,DNA sequencing,and phylogenetic analysis of viral sequences to determine the HIV-1 subtypes.Results Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed that the predominant subtypes of HIV-1 gag gene included subtype B,CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC.And CRF15_01B was detected from the year of 2008.In addition,significant changes of the distributions of subtypes and CRFs occurred from 2005 to 2011 in HIV+ MSM.Subtype B showed a significant decreased trend,while the proportions of CRF01 _AE and CRF07_BC significantly increased in the 7-year period,particularly that of CRF01_AE.Conclusions The substantial changes are observed in the diversity of HIV-1 strains circulating among MSM in Beijing during a 7-year period.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii (Tox),rubella virus (RV),cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections (TORCH infections) among childbearing-age population in Henan province.Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect plasma TORCH IgM and IgG among 3084 childbearing-age men and women from theFirst Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University during July and September,2011.The positive rates of anti-TORCH antibodies were compared among the various age and gender groups by x2 test.Results The total positive rate of anti-TORCH IgM was 5.5％ (170/3084),in which the positive rate of anti-RV IgM was the highest (2.9％),followed by anti-HSV IgM (1.0％).Within positive rate of anti-TORCH IgG,anti-HSV IgG was the highest (90.4％),followed by anti-CMV IgG (89.7％),RV IgG (48.1％) and Tox IgG (0.7％).The positive rate of anti-TORCH IgM was the lowest in individuals aged ＞ 30-40 year old.With the age increasing,the positive rates of anti-Tox IgG,anti-CMV IgG and anti-HSV IgG increased,but the positive rate of anti-RV IgG decreased.Women had higher positive rates of anti-CMV IgG and antiHSV IgG than men (x2 =83.470 and 7.026,P ＜ 0.O1).Conclusions Current infection of TORCH exists in childbearing-age population of Henan province,and the positive rate of anti-RV IgG is low.It is recommended to screen for TORCH infection in childbearing-age men and women.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate and compare the features of the HIV-1-specific CTL responses among three HIV-infected groups with varied infection history. Methods Three HIV-infeeted groups were enrolled in this study, including two groups infected by blood transmission (one group has been infected for more than 10 years and the other for 1-2 years) and one group of the man who have sex with man. The HIV-1-specific CTL responses were quantified by an IFN-γ based ELISPot assay with a peptide matrix system containing overlapping peptides spanning the entire HIV-1 Clade B genomic consensus sequences. Results The responding rate of CTL responses against all 17 peptide pools among the group that infected 1-2 years,the group infected more than 10 years and the group of MSM were 40% ,65% ,23%. One way ANOVO analysis showed that the responding rate of CTL responses against all 17 peptide pools were statistical significant among the three groups (F=19.96, P＜0.01);the magnitude of CTL responses of the three groups were 0-5 835 SFCs/106 PBMC, 0-7 225 SFCs/106PBMC, 0-9 740SFCs/106pBMC, Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the magnitude of CTL responses were statistical significant among the three groups( H = 101.90 , P ＜0.01);the breadth of CTL were 7 ( 2-11 ), 11(9-14) and 4 (2-6) respectively and Kruskal- Wallis test showed that the breadth of CTL had no statistical significant among the three groups( H = 34. 75 ,P ＜0. 01 ). The sequence of responding rate, magnitude and breadth of CTL from high to low was the group that had been infected for more than 10 years, the group infected 1-2 years and the sex transmission group. The common characteristics of the CTL response among the three groups were that the responding rate and the magnitude of the peptide Nef and Gag was higher than other peptide's. The magnitude of CTL responses among three different CD4count groups (CD4 ＜ 200/μl, CD4 200-500/μl, CD4 ≥500/μl,) was 0-18 475 SFCs/106pBMC, 350-34 095 SFCs/106pBMC, 490-21 550 SFCs/106 PBMC and had no statistic difference among the three different CD4 groups(H=2.93, P=0.23) while the breadth of CTL was 3(0-8), 10(2-17), 10 (1-17)respoctively and the breadth of CTL was lower in the group of CD4 count less than 200/μl than the other two groups( H = 14. 72, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The magnitude of CTL responses among three different viral load (VL)groups (VL＜ LDL, LDL ＜ VL ＜ 1 × 104 copys/ml, VL≥1 ×104 copys/ml) was 490-18 475 SFCs/106pBMC, 0-24 115 SFCs/106pBMC, 770-34 095 SFCs/106 pBMC and had no statistic difference among the three different viral load groups ( H = 0.79, P=0.67) and the breadth of the three different viral load groups CTL was 8( 1-17), 11 (0-17), 8 (1-16) and Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was no statistic difference among the three different viral load groups (H =5.27, P =0. 07). Conclusions All groups predominantly develope T cell immune responses against Nef and Gag proteins. With the elapse of HIV infection, the CTL responses are increased in both magnitude and responding rate. This information is important for vaccine development.