ABSTRACT
Introduction: In paediatric patients blood stream infection(BSI) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Theemerging of causative agents and resistance to variousantimicrobial agents are increased from time to time. The aimof this study was to describe the microbiological characteristicsof BSI in paediatric patients (<12 years). Neonates wereexcluded.Material and Methods: Data was collected from paediatricpatients who had BSI. Blood culture was done in BacT Alert3D. Isolates from these patients were identified on Vitek IICompact. Study was done between from January 2018 toDecember 2018 at Paediatric hospital GMC Srinagar.Results: A total of 120 patients had BSI. All episodes weremonomicrobial.78 (65%) were males and 42 (35%) werefemales. 67 (56%) of the isolates were Gram positive bacteriaand 53 (44%) were Gram negative. The commonest Grampositive bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 52(78%) followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS)8 (12%), Enterococcus fecalis 4(6%) and Streptococcuspneumonia 3(4%).Conclusion: Majority of the isolates were multidrug resistant.These higher percentages of multi-drug resistant emergedisolates urge us to take infection prevention measures and toconduct other large studies for appropriate empiric antibioticchoice.
ABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease induced by complex interactions between environmental factors and certain genetic factors. Genetic variants in the Adenosine Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins 1 (ABCA1) have been associated with abnormalities of serum lipid levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). Decreased serum levels of HDL-C have often been observed in T2DM cases, and this condition has been considered to be involved in the mechanism of insulin resistance (IR). Therefore, we investigated possible association between ABCA1 C69T gene polymorphism and T2DMin a Saudi population. This study was carried out with 380 healthy control subjects and 376 T2DM patients. Genotyping of ABCA1 C69T polymorphism was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism technique. We observed that the frequency of the T allele of the ABCA1 C69T gene was significantly higher in healthy subjects compared to T2DMpatients (0.28 vs 0.45; p<0.0001; OR (95% CI) = 0.4624 (0.3732–0.5729), and therefore the T allele may be a protective factor against T2DM in the Saudi population.