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Medicinal plants are a valuable source of essential medicines and herbal products for healthcare and disease therapy. Compared with chemical synthesis and extraction, the biosynthesis of natural products is a very promising alternative for the successful conservation of medicinal plants, and its rapid development will greatly facilitate the conservation and sustainable utilization of medicinal plants. Here, we summarize the advances in strategies and methods concerning the biosynthesis and production of natural products of medicinal plants. The strategies and methods mainly include genetic engineering, plant cell culture engineering, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology based on multiple "OMICS" technologies, with paradigms for the biosynthesis of terpenoids and alkaloids. We also highlight the biosynthetic approaches and discuss progress in the production of some valuable natural products, exemplifying compounds such as vindoline (alkaloid), artemisinin and paclitaxel (terpenoids), to illustrate the power of biotechnology in medicinal plants.
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Objective@#To understand the status and relationship between bullying behaviors and subjective well-being among left-behind students in Bijie,and to provide reference for the governments to support the development of policies and intervention.@*Methods@#A total of 735 left-behind students were investigated on the spot with the Olweus Bully Questionnaire and Adolescent Subjective Well-being Scale.@*Results@#Among the 735 left-behind students, 28.71% were found of participating in behaviors of bullying. More boys involved behaviors of bullying (bullies,victims and bully-victims) others than the girls(χ2=25.93, P<0.05), Bullying was more likely to be reported among children with poor peer relations(χ2=12.46, P<0.05). Total scores of the feelings of friendship，family，freedom,negative emotion and life differed significantly among different bullying roles(F=12.76, 2.86, 3.30, 5.98, 4.72, P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that there were many factors affecting the subjective well-being of these students, such as bullying behaviors, relationship with their classmates, academic record, the frequency which they contacted with parents(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Bullying is highly prevalent among left-behind children in Bijie. Effective prevention and control mechanisms should be established at the social, school and family levels to reduce the occurrence of bullying. Attention should be paid to the psychological and behavioral dynamics of left-behind middle school students, so as to improve their happiness.
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We cloned and analyzed the two genes of the 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase (HDR) gene family from Huperzia serrate. The two transcripts coding HDR, named HsHDR1 and HsHDR2, were discovered in the transcriptome dataset of H. serrate and were cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The physicochemical properties, protein domains, protein secondary structure, and 3D structure of the putative HsHDR1 and HsHDR2 proteins were analyzed. The full-length cDNA of the HsHDR1 gene contained 1431 bp encoding a putative protein with 476 amino acids, whereas the HsHDR2 gene contained 1428 bp encoding a putative protein of 475 amino acids. These two proteins contained the conserved domain of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase (PF02401), but without the transmembrane region and signal peptide. The most abundant expression of HsHDR1 and HsHDR2 was detected in H. serrate roots, followed by the stems and leaves. Our results provide a foundation for exploring the function of HsHDR1 and HsHDR2 in terpenoid and sterol biosynthesis in Huperziaceae plants.
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Objective To avoid false positive detection ofVibrio cholerae and improve the detection correct rate.Methods 1~7 months of 2013 were randomly selected,the national various provinces and cities CDC to China cholera CDC positive screening 14 strains.LB nutrient agar 12 hours,take single colony to Vibrio cholera serum agglutination,extraction of strain DNA at the same time boiled template method.For Vibrio 16SrDNA sequence and design primers for PCR detection of Vib-rio,16SrDNA,electrophoresis were used to observe the 16SrDNA products,16SrDNA positive products sent to sequencing company sequencing,sequencing results were Blast comparison on the NCBI website for the analysis and comparison of ser-um agglutination and Blast alignment.Results 12 strains was positive for agglutination and 2 strains of non agglutination in 14 strains.The Vibrio 16SrDNA amplification,electrophoresis were used to observe the 14 isolates that were amplified frag-ment corresponding,that the selected strains were vibrio.The 16SrDNA positive products were 14 strains,and the sequen-cing the Blast results:2 strains of bacteria were Vibrio harveyi for non agglutination,in 12 positive strains of serum aggluti-nation;1 strains was Vibrio natriegen and 11 strains wereVibrio cholerae .Conclusion Detection ofVibrio cholerae cholerae combined with serum agglutination and gene sequencing can avoid false positive result ofVibrio cholerae ,and improve cor-rect rate of the detection.