ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of bracket-free invisible orthodontic technique versus traditional fixed orthodontic technique on the levels of inflammatory factors in the gingival crevicular fluid of orthodontic adolescents. Methods:A total of 67 orthodontic patients who received their first orthodontic treatment in Huzhou Central Hospital from June to September 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into an observation group ( n = 34) and a control group ( n = 33). The control group was treated with traditional fixed orthodontic treatment. The observation group was treated with invisible orthodontic treatment without brackets. At 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, the level of inflammatory factors and periodontal index were compared. Results:At 0 and 1 month of treatment, there were no significant differences in the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the gingival crevicular fluid between the observation and control groups (all P > 0.05). At 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (IL-1β: t2 months = 5.56, P = 0.042; t4 months = 8.14, P = 0.019; t6 months = 9.87, P = 0.002. IL-6: t2 months = 7.15, P = 0.029; t4 months = 7.94, P = 0.021; t6 months = 9.16, P = 0.007. TNF-α: t2 months = 6.87, P = 0.039; t4 months = 7.65, P = 0.026: t6 months = 9.89, P = 0.001). In each group, gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PLI) increased significantly after treatment. At 0 and 1 month of treatment, there were no significant differences in GI, SBI, PD, and PLI between the two groups (all P > 0.05). At 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, GI, SBI, PD, and PLI in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (GI: t2 months = 3.62, P = 0.073; t4 months = 8.16, P = 0.018; t6 months = 8.54, P = 0.016. SBI: t2 months = 5.65, P = 0.042; t4 months = 7.56, P = 0.027; t6 months = 8.15, P = 0.019. PD: t2 months = 5.652, P = 0.042; t4 months = 7.56, P = 0.027, t6 months = 8.15, P = 0.019. PLI: t2 months = 9.57, P = 0.006; t4 months = 9.98, P = 0.002. t6 months = 9.94, P = 0.010). In addition, at 1 month of treatment, PLI in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 9.99, P = 0.001). Conclusion:Bracket-free invisible orthodontic treatment provides better protection on periodontal tissue and has less impact on periodontal health than traditional fixed orthodontic treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of small peptide,alkaloid,total flavonoids and polysaccharides extracted from sunflower plate powder on the hyperuricemia in the mice,and to clarify that the influence of sunflower powder in the uric acid(UA)level and joint swelling and its protective effect on the liver and kidney tissues.Methods:A total of 96 male Kunming rats were randomly divided into 8 groups,each group of 12 rats.One group was used as blank control group,the others were used to set up hyperuricemia models.The successful mouse models of hyperuricemia were randomly divided into model group and positive control group (allopurinol group),small molecule peptide group,alkaloi group,total flavone group,polysaccharide group and sunflower disk group.The serum UA levels were measured 7 d after administration and the liver and kidney tissues of the mice in various groups were taken.The morphological changes of liver and kidney tissues were observed by HE staining.Acute gouty arthritis model was established by injecting 3 mg sodium urate into the knee joint of the male SD rats.The experiment was divided into blank group,model group,positive control colchicine group, sunflower disc extracts(SDE)group with different concentrations(0%,20%,40%,60%,80% and 100%), 4 rats in each group.The joint circumference was measured at 0,12,24 and 48 h,respectively.The serum levels of interleukin-10(IL-10)and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α(MIP-1α)were detected by ELISA kit. Results:Compared with model group,the serum UA levels of the mice in allopurinol group,small molecule peptide group,alkaloid group,total flavonoids group and sunflower group were significantly decreased after administration (P<0.05);and the serum UA level in allopurinol group was decreased the most,followed by small molecule peptide group.The HE staining results showed that the hepatocytes in small molecule peptide group were clear, the hepatocytes had full cytoplasm,and no abnormality was observed in the kidney cells compared with blank control group.After 48 h injection of sodium urate,the degree of joint swelling was reduced by up to 27.1% in SDE group compared with model group.Compared with model group,the serum IL-10 level in 20% SDE group was significantly increased(P<0.01),and the serum MIP-1α level was also significantly increased(P<0.01). Conclusion:Sunflower powder can reduce the UA level and has protective effect on the liver and kidney tissues and it can improve the body's anti-inflammatory activity and reduce the body's inflammatory response to achieve anti-gout arthritis activity.