ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the comprehensive intervention methods among people with high-risk of AIDS ,and to evaluate the effects of the intervention to provide reference basis for the scientific prevention of AIDS .Methods The 1-year comprehensive intervention including the health education ,psychological and medical consultation ,and condom promotion was conducted among the commercial sex workers(CSW) and the injecting drug users(IDU) in the Xunyang district .The questionnaire survey was performed before and after the intervention ,and then the effects of intervention were evaluated .Results Through the comprehensive interven-tion ,the total awareness rate of the AIDS knowledge among CSW was increased from 70 .75% to 84 .75% (χ2 =22 .66 ,P<0 .01) while which among IDU was increased from 77 .25% to 88 .50% (χ2 =17 .84 ,P<0 .01) .The frequencies of using condoms with cli-ents ,spouse or boyfriend in recently one month were significantly increased (Z= -2 .73 ,P<0 .01 ,Z= -2 .02 ,P=0 .04) .The fre-quency of sharing needle in recently six months among IDU was significantly decreased (Z= -3 .67 ,P<0 .01) and the frequency of using condoms in recently one year among IDU was significantly increased (Z= -2 .96 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion The comprehensive intervention may effectively increase the awareness rate of the AIDS knowledge among CSW and IDU and change their dangerous behaviors possibly leading to AIDS transmission .
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the relationship between tobacco smoking and liver cancer risk.Methods:Cohort studies of cigarette smoking and risk of liver cancer were identified by searching MEDLINE and CBM databases from January 1989 to September 2009. Results from individual studies were combined synthetically by Meta analysis using R software and Meta package. Results:A total of 19 articles were included in our analysis. The cohort totally included 3 023 558 followed-up persons and 9 525 cases of liver cancer patients. The pooled relative risk (RR) of liver cancer was 1.49 (95%CI: 1.17-1.92) for smokers compared with non-smokers. The results showed a statistically moderate association between tobacco smoking and the risk of liver cancer. Subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled RRs for smoking were 1.53(95%CI : 1.29-1.83)for male smokers and 1.70(95%CI :1.17-2.48)for female smokers, respectively.Conclusion:Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for liver cancer in both males and females.