Variability of macroscopic dimensions of Moso bamboo

In order to the macroscopic geometry distributions of vascular bundles in Moso bamboo tubes. The circumference of bamboo tubes was measured, used a simple quadratic diameter formula to analyze the differences between the tubes in bamboo culm, and the arrangement of vascular bundles was investigated by cross sectional images of bamboo tubes. The results shown that the vascular bundles were differently distributed in a bamboo tube. In the outer layer, the vascular bundles had a variety of shapes, and were aligned parallel to each other. In the inner layers, the vascular bundles weren't aligned but uniform in shape. It was concluded that the vascular bundle sections arranged in parallel should be separated from the non-parallel sections for the maximum bamboo utilization

Molecular bonding characteristics of Self-plasticized bamboo composites

Bamboo biomass fibers were gradually separated, prepared, and then self-plasticized for immune composites

The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FT-IR], nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [NMR], and thermo gravimetric analysis [TG]

The important results were as follows

[1] During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. The cross-linking effects of hemi cellulose, lignin, and cellulose could be stacked and coupled

[2] After self-plasticization, the crystallinity of the lingo cellulosic biomass, lignin cellulose, and cellulose were increased by 5.8%, 2.28%, and 11.67%, respectively

While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers

This result demonstrated that the molecular integration of the bamboo biomass was increased after self-plasticization, and confirmed that bond cross-linking between the hemi cellulose, lignin and cellulose of the bamboo biomass had occurred

Immune effects of extractives on bamboo biomass self-plasticization

Bamboo is a fast-growing renewable bioresource

However, bamboo resources are wasted, and bamboo products release toxic gases. Bamboo biomass was therefore extracted and self-plasticized, and the immune effects of bamboo extractives were determined and investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] and Fourier-transform infrared [FT-IR] spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction [XRD], and scanning electron microscopy [SEM]

The results showed the following

[1] The !H-NMR signals at -5.5, 4-8, 7.4-10.2, and 12.22-12.37 ppm were attributed to the chemical shifts of active protons on carbons adjacent to R-OH, RAr-OH, oximes, and -COOH, respectively

This showed that there were highly reactive hydrogen atoms in bamboo benzene/ethanol extractives

The [13]C-NMR spectrum gave further confirmation

[2] The extents of the effects of key process parameters were different: temperature > hot pressure > time. The optimal self-plasticizing conditions were temperature 170°C, hot pressure 9 MPa, time 40 min, and extraction of bamboo

[3] SEM, FT-IR, and XRD showed that contact and linkages among bamboo cells were significantly decreased by extractives, so the internal bond strengths of the self-plasticized samples were all higher after bamboo extraction. It was also found that the extractives created a significant barrier to bamboo self-plasticization as a result of their structure and chemical linkage reactions

Analysis on active molecules in Populus nigra wood extractives by GC-MS

Populus nigra has been introduced and largely planted in China, and the waste wood was still abandoned. Therefore, the wood extractives of Populus nigra were studied to further utilize the bio-resources. The result shown that the optimal extraction time of ethanol/methanol extraction, petroleum ether/acetic ether extraction, and benzene/alcohol extraction were 1h, 7h and 3h, respectively. Among sequential extractions, EPB extraction was the optimum extraction mode for the LR was 17.32%. The wood extractives included hexanedioic acid, bis [2-ethylhexyl] ester, phthalic acid derivatives, squalene, 3,3,7,11- tetramethyltricyclo [5.4.0.0[4,11]] undecan-1-ol, other rare drug and biomedical activities. The wood extractives of Populus nigra was fit to extract rare dibutyl phthalate and squalene

Molecular basis of antibacterial activities in extracts of Eucommia ulmoides wood

As one of the famous medicinal plants in China, the bark of Eucommia ulmoides is considered as the important traditional Chinese medicine. However, the constituents of Eucommia ulmoides wood isn't used effectively. Therefore, the molecules of wood extracts in Eucommia ulmoides are studied to further utilize the resources. The results show that the optimal extraction time period of ethanol/methanol extraction, petroleum ether/acetic ether extraction, and benzene/alcohol extraction are 3h, 5h, and 4h, respectively. Among sequential extractions, PABEEM extraction is the optimum extraction mode for the LRs is 22.95%. Its wood extracts included hexanedioic acid, bis[2-ethylhexyl] ester, 3,3,7,11-tetramethyltricyclo [5.4.0.0 [4,11]]undecan-1-ol, [all-E]- 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl- 2,6,10,14,18,22- tetracosahexaene, other rare drug and biomedical activities. And the wood extracts of Eucommia ulmoides is fit to extract 1,5-hexadien-3-yne, [all-E]- 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl- 2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene