ABSTRACT
Exosomes are extracellular microbubbles related to intercellular communication, which have the ability to transport and transfer biological macromolecules. Pain will lead to a sharp decline in the quality of life of patients, and will give patients and society a heavy medical burden. More and more evidences show that the exosomes plays an important role in the pathological process of pain related diseases.Summarizing the exosomes and the biomolecules carried by them under different pain conditions, and identifying the specific exosomes related to the pain state will be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of pain related diseases. In addition, the ability of exosomes to transmit information and its widespread characteristics in the body indicate that they have broad prospects as a new diagnosis and treatment tool in the field of pain. A better understanding of the relationship between the exosomes and pain will provide a novel and promising treatment for patients with pain.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the structures of atypical class 1 integrons in clinical Proteus isolates. Methods This study included 26 class 1 integron integrase gene-positive clinical Proteus isolates, from which the variable regions of class 1 integrons could not be amplified. Six isolates were chosen from them to amplify the flanking DNA segments of class 1 integron integrase gene using inverse PCR. The se-quences of PCR products were analyzed with BLAST to identify the target homologous sequences as well as their accession numbers in GenBank. Primers for overlap PCR were designed according to the flanking se-quences. Then the 26 clinical Proteus isolates were analyzed with overlap PCR and sequencing analysis. Re-sults The variable regions of class 1 integrons in 25 out of the 26 clinical Proteus isolates were completely or partly identified by using inverse PCR,overlap PCR and sequencing analysis. A gene cassette array of estX-psp-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1a-qacI-tnpA-sul3 was detected in 22 isolates. The variable regions of class 1 integrons in the other three isolates were identified to be estX-psp-aadA2-cmlA1,dfrA14 and IS26,respectively. All of the 25 isolates lacked the 3'conserved segements in class 1 integron. Conclusion Inverse PCR can be used to analyze the structures of atypical class 1 integrons. Gene cassette psp and gene cassette arrays of estX-psp-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1a-qacI-tnpA-sul3 and estX-psp-aadA2-cmlA1 in clinical Proteus isolates are reported for the first time.
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Objective To establish a high resolution melting based method for the rapid identifica-tion of functional class 2 integron.Methods Nighty-nine non-repetitive Proteus spp.strains positive for genes encoding class 2 integrase were isolated from August, 2011 to August, 2012.The genomic DNAs were extracted and used as templates to amplify 60 base pair fragments containing the mutated point in class 2 in-tegrase gene by PCR.The high resolution melting analysis was conducted to identify the functional class 2 in-tegrons that were further compared by sequence analysis.Results There were remarkable differences with the high resolution melting curves between the functional class 2 integrons and the ordinary class 2 integrons. The results of high resolution melting analysis were consistent with those by using sequence analysis.Con-clusion High resolution melting analysis could be used for the rapid and accurate identification of functional class 2 integron.
ABSTRACT
A New Combination membrane was prepared by chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).The gas permeability and water content of the membrane are all improved better than that of simple chitosan membrane.