ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the distribution of pathogenic bacteria during perioperative period of kidney transplantation(KT)patients and examine drug resistance of major clinical pathogens to commonly used antibiotics to provide references for empirical medication of pathogenic bacteria infection after KT.Methods:From January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, 251 patients undergoing deceased donation KT on kidney transplant ward were selected.Clinical samples were collected and distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria examined for analyzing the incidence of possible donor-derived infections and predicting prognoses.Results:The detection rate of pathogens was 12.18%(367/3 014). A total of 225 non-repetitive strains were isolated.Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi accounted for 48.89%(110/225), 43.11%(97/225)and 8.00%(18/225). The proportion of lavage fluid in all isolated bacteria was 49.78%(112/225). And Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae predominated.Drainage fluid accounted for 24.88%(56/225)and Pseudomonas putida and Staphylococcus haemolyticus predominated.Urine accounted for 18.67%(42/225)with a dominance of Enterococcus faecium; blood accounted for 6.22%(14/225)with a dominance of S. epidermidis.All detected pathogens showed varying degrees of resistance.The resistance rates of E. faecium to ampicillin, vancomycin and linezolid were 93.33%(28/30), 6.45%(2/31)and 38.71%(12/31). The resistance rates of K. pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems were 71.43%(20/28)and 80.00%(12/15). The incidence of possible donor-derived infection was 3.59%(9/251)and there was no mortality.Conclusions:The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria is high in KT patients during perioperative period.There is a diverse distribution of isolates of different specimen types and all detected pathogens show varying degrees of drug resistance.Clinicians should regularly analyze the distribution characteristics and causes of drug-resistant bacteria.And antibiotics should be optimized according to the results of drug sensitivity.
ABSTRACT
@#To investigate the cellular immunogenicity of influenza vaccine liposomes dry powder using the film-dispersion and freeze-thawing. Mice were divided into the non-liposomal influenza vaccine group, film-dispersion prepared liposomal influenza vaccine group, freeze-thawing lyophilized influenza vaccine liposome group, positive control group and negative control group(n=5). 6 μg of hemagglutinin of H1N1 subtype per mouse was delivered tracheally to the mice of lyophilized liposomes groups, with the same dose for non-liposomes intraperitoneally delivered groups as the positive control, and PBS intraperotoneal injection group as the negative control. After 28-day of immunization, the proliferationofsplenic lymphocytes was detected by MTT assay; CD4+cell and CD8+cell were analyzed by flow cytometry. The dry powder of influenza vaccine liposomes prepared by the above two methods, both induce cellular immunity, with no significant difference in the induced on immunogenicity between the prepared products(P< 0. 05). The results showed that freeze-thawing method is feasible in the preparation of vaccine liposomes, leading to the attenuated live vaccine liposome preparation.