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Objective@#To investigate the positive rate for 2019-nCoV tests and co-infections in Wuhan district.@*Methods@#A total of 8 274 cases in Wuhan were enrolled in this cross-sectional study during January 20 to February 9, 2020, and were tested for 2019-nCoV using fluorescence quantitative PCR. Both respiratory tract samples (nasopharynx, oropharynx, sputum and alveolar lavage fluid) and non-respiratory tract samples (urine, feces, anal swabs, blood and conjunctival sac swabs) were collected. If both orf1ab and N genes are positive, they are classified as nucleic acid test positive group; if both orf1ab and N genes are negative, they are classified as negative group; if single gene target is positive, they are classified as suspicious group. Individuals were divided into male group and female group according to sex. At the same time, 316 patients were tested for 13 respiratory pathogens by multiplex PCR.@*Results@#Among the 8 274 subjects, 2 745 (33.2%) were 2019-nCoV infected; 5 277 (63.8%) subjects showed negative results in the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test; and 252 cases (3.05%) was not definitive (inconclusive result). The age of cases with COVID-19 patients and inconclusive cases was significantly higher than that of cases without 2019-nCoV infection (40 vs 56, t=27.569, P<0.001; 52 vs 56, t=6.774, P<0.001). The positive rate of 13 respiratory pathogens multiple tests was significantly lower in 104 subjects who were positive for 2019-nCoV compared with those in subjects who were negative for 2019-nCoV test (5.77% vs 18.39%, χ2=24.105, P=0.003). Four types of respiratory tract samples and five types of non-respiratory tract samples were found to be positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test.@*Conclusion@#The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive rate in male is higher than in female. Co-infections should be pay close attention in COVID-19 patients. 2019-nCoV nucleic acid can be detected in non-respiratory tract samples.
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Objective@#To investigate the diagnostic value of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibodies to 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in 2019-nCoV infection.@*Method@#This is a retrospective study. Serum samples were collected from 284 patients including outpatients and inpatients in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 20, 2020 to February 17, 2020. Among them 205 cases were 2019-nCoV infected patients, including 186 cases confirmed with nucleic acid test and 19 cases diagnosed by clinical symptoms and CT characteristics according to "the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Control Protocol (5th edition)" . A total of 79 subjects with other diseases but negative to 2019-nCoV infection were recruited as control group. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV were measured with fully automated immunoassay technology for all subjects. Statistical significance between 2019-nCoV antibodies test and 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test was determined using the χ2 tests.@*Result@#The sensitivity of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV were 70.24%(144/205) and 96.10%(197/205) respectively and the specificity were 96.20%(76/79) and 92.41%(73/79) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of 2019-nCoV antibodies were 95.63%(197/206) and 91.03% (71/78) respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test were 100%(186/186) and 80.61%(79/98) respectively. The total coincidence rate of diagnosing 2019-nCoV infection between antibody tests and nucleic acid test for 2019-nCoV were 88.03%(250/284).@*Conclusion@#Joint detection of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV is an effective screening and diagnostic indicators for 2019-nCoV infection, and an effective complement to the false negative results to nucleic acid test.
ABSTRACT
In December, the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China, has attracted extensive global attention. On January 20, 2020,the Chinese health authorities upgraded the coronavirus to a Class B infectious disease in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and considered it as Class A infectious diseases in disease control and prevention. On January 22, 2020, the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection test was listed as the diagnostic criteria in the "guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia due to 2019-nCoV (Trial Version 2)" . Therefore, standardizing the operation process of the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection in clinical laboratories has become a top priority. It is of paramount importance to establish standard protocols for detection of the 2019-nCoV nucleic acids in clinical laboratories to improve the reliability of the results and ensure the biosafety of laboratory personnel.
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Acute respiratory tract infections ranks first in China for various infectious diseases.Lower respiratory tract infections and related diseases caused a heavy burden on China′s medical care and society. In particular, COVID has caused great losses. This article discusses the standardization of clinical pathological diagnosis of respiratory pathogen infection, in order to improve the correct diagnosis of the disease and facilitate the timely treatment of the disease.
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Objective:To investigate the positive rate for 2019-nCoV tests and co-infections in Wuhan district.Methods:A total of 8 274 cases in Wuhan were enrolled in this cross-sectional study during January 20 to February 9 in 2020, and were tested for 2019-nCoV using fluorescence quantitative PCR. Both respiratory tract samples (nasopharynx, oropharynx, sputum and alveolar lavage fluid) and non-respiratory tract samples (urine, feces, anal swabs, blood and conjunctival sac swabs) were collected. If both orf1ab and N genes are positive, they are classified as nucleic acid test positive group; if both orf1ab and N genes are negative, they are classified as negative group; if single gene target is positive, they are classified as suspicious group. Individuals were divided into male group and female group according to sex. At the same time, 316 patients were tested for 13 respiratory pathogens by multiplex PCR.Results:Among the 8 274 subjects, 2 745 (33.17%) were 2019-nCoV infected; 5 277 (63.77%) subjects showed negative results in the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test; and 252 cases (3.05%) was not definitive (inconclusive result). The age of cases with COVID-19 patients and inconclusive cases was significantly higher than that of cases without 2019-nCoV infection (56>40, t=27.569, P<0.001; 52>40, t=6.774, P<0.001). The positive rate of 13 respiratory pathogens multiple tests was significantly lower in 104 subjects who were positive for 2019-nCoV compared with those in subjects who were negative for 2019-nCoV test (5.77% vs 18.39%, χ 2=24.105, P=0.003). Four types of respiratory tract samples and five types of non-respiratory tract sampleswere found to be positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test. Conclusion:The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive rate inmale is higher than infemale. Co-infections should be pay close attention in COVID-19 patients. 2019-nCoV nucleic acid can be detected in non-respiratory tract samples.
ABSTRACT
In December, the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China, has attracted extensive global attention. On January 20, 2020, the Chinese health authorities upgraded the coronavirus to a Class B infectious disease in the Law of the People′s Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and considered it as Class A infectious diseases in disease control and prevention. On January 18, 2020, the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection test was listed as the diagnostic criteria in the "guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia due to 2019-nCoV (Trial Version 2)" . Therefore, standardizing the operation process of the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection in clinical laboratories has become a top priority. It is of paramount importance to establish standard protocols for detection of the 2019-nCoV nucleic acids in clinical laboratories to improve the reliability of the results and ensure the biosafety of laboratory personnel.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibodies to 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in 2019-nCoV infection.Methods:This is a retrospective study. Serum samples were collected from 284 patients including outpatients and inpatients in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 20 to February 17 in 2020. Among them 205 cases were 2019-nCoV infected patients, including 186 cases confirmed with nucleic acid test and 19 cases diagnosed by clinical symptoms and CT characteristics according to "the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Control Protocol (5th edition)" . A total of 79 subjects with other diseases but negative to 2019-nCoV infection were recruited as control group. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV were measured with fully automated immunoassay technology for all subjects. Statistical significance between 2019-nCoV antibodies test and 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test was determined using the χ 2 tests. Results:The sensitivity of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV were 70.24%(144/205) and 96.10%(197/205) respectively and the specificity were 96.20%(76/79) and 92.41%(73/79) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of 2019-nCoV antibodies were 95.63%(197/206) and 91.03% (71/78) respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test were 100%(186/186) and 80.61%(79/98) respectively. The total coincidence rate of diagnosing 2019-nCoV infection between antibody tests and nucleic acid test for 2019-nCoV were 88.03%(250/284).Conclusion:Joint detection of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV is an effective screening and diagnostic indicators for 2019-nCoV infection, and an effective complement to the false negative results to nucleic acid test.
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Objective To study infection status of hepatitis C virus(HCV)in patients at a tertiary first-class hos-pital in Hubei Province.Methods Detection results of HCV-IgG in hospitalized patients with non-digestive system diseases and patients in infectious diseases department between May 2012 and April 2014 were collected,HCV in-fection rates in patients of different genders and age groups were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 104 487 patients were conducted HCV detection,1 619 (1 .55%)were positive for HCV;HCV infection rates in male and female patients were 1 .56% and 1 .54% respectively,HCV infection rate was not significantly different between different genders,and different age groups(both P >0.05 ).Conclusion Positive rate of HCV in this study is lower than average national level,prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection caused by HCV should be intensified.
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Objective To understand the resistant characteristics of staphylococcusaureus and the relationship between eryth-romycin,clindamycin resistance phenotypes and its resistance mechanism.Methods 7 6 Saphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens was identified and antimicrobial susceptibility tested by BD all-automatic microbiology analysis system.U-sing the D-test method to analyzed Erythromycin induced by clindamycin resistance.Genes (ermA,ermB,ermC and msrA) were detected by PCR methods.Results In 76 staphylococcus aureus straims gene ermA,ermB and ermC was found in 29 strains.The msrA gene was present in the 2 strains.The coincidence rate of ermA,ermB,ermC and msrA gene detection with erythromycin was 82.9%.The coincidence rate of ermA,ermB,ermC and msrA gene detection with chindamycin was 89.5%.Conclusion Clindamycin and erythromycin resistance of Staphylococcusaureus is related to the encoding of gene er-mA,ermB,ermC and msrA.
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Nowadays,molecular diagnostic techniques are developing rapidly.Thus it is important for the managers of clinical laboratory to seize the opportunity and use professional advantage to reach the peak in the field of molecular diagnostics.The targets include understanding the progress of current molecular diagnostic techniques,grasping the needs of clinical requirement for individualized medicine,creating a system of molecular diagnostics platform,fostering the technicians and setting up standardized testing process and quality control system.Molecular diagnostics projects should be carried out to meet the requirements of clinicians for the target molecules and molecular diagnostic technology platform should be established as soon as possible.