Effect of bicalutamide; an antiandrogen, on testicular weight in adult rats

To study the effect of Bicalutamide on testicular weight in adult rats. Study Design: Laboratory based randomized controlled trial. Anatomy Department, Armed Forces Postgraduate Medical Institute [AFPGMI], Rawalpindi, Pakistan in collaboration with National Veterinary Laboratories [NVL], Islamabad, Pakistan from April to May 2008. Forty adult male healthy Sprague Dawley rats with no physical deformity weighing 200-300 grams were randomly divided into two groups [A and B], each consisting of 20 animals each. Group A was taken as control group and was administered 5 ml of distilled water orally daily for 24 days while group B [experimental group] was given 5 ml of distilled water daily containing bicalutamide 10 mg/kg/day for 24 days. All the animals were sacrificed on the next day after the last dose. The testes were taken out and weighed. In addition to initial and final weights of the animals, weights of right and left testes were also taken, and their average was taken as a reading for that animal. Statistically significant difference was found in reduction of testicular weights in the testes of experimental group [1.112 +/- 0.018 g] when compared with the control group [1.169 +/- 0.011 g]. The results obtained showed that the mean testicular weight of the testes was significantly reduced in the experimental group thus confirming that bicalutamide reduces testicular weights in the Sprague - Dawley rats

Inverted papilloma of ureter: a rare cause of hydronephrosis

A case of hydronephrosis with a rare underlying cause in a 35 years old male is described. He reported with pain in the left lumbar region with a past history of left ureterolithotomy. The ultrasound and IVU studies were suggestive of left hydronephroureter. CT Scan showed left hydronephroureter with narrowing at the lower end of left ureter. Ureterorenoscopy [URS] confirmed polypoidal lesions in the left lower ureter, completely obliterating the lumen and involving the whole circumferential wall of the lower ureter. The biopsy of the lesion revealed an inflammatory polyp. Accordingly open surgical intervention was planned. Excision of the lower third of left ureter with ureteric reimplantation was done with a Boari flap. The histopathology report of the lower third of ureter confirmed inverted papilloma of ureter. The patient made a smooth postoperative recovery

Histomorphometric study of effects of bicalutamide on spermatogenesis in male rats

To study the effects of Bicalutamide on spermatogenesis in male rats. Laboratory based randomized controlled trial. Anatomy Department, Armed Forces Postgraduate Medical Institute [AFPGMI], Rawalpindi in collaboration with National Veterinary Laboratories [NVL], Islamabad from April 2008 to May 2008. Forty adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 200-300 grams were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, each consisting of 20 animals each. Group A was taken as control group and was administered 5 cc of distilled water orally daily for 24 days while group B [Experimental group] was given 5 cc of distilled water daily containing bicalutamide 10 mg/ kg/ day for 24 days. All the animals were sacrificed on the next day after the last dose. The testes were removed and fixed in 10% formalin and then processed for paraffin embedding. Five micron thick sections were made. Haematoxylin, Eosin and PAS stains were used. Histomorphometric analysis was done and parameters, including the tubular diameter, height of seminiferous epithelium and germ cell count were noted. Statistically significant differences were found in tubular diameter, height of seminiferous epithelium and germ cell count in testes of experimental group when compared with the control group. The results showed that the mean tubular diameter, the height of the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules and the number of germ cells were significantly reduced in by the experimental group showing that bicalutamide suppresses spermatogenesis in the Sprague - Dawley rats

Bladder outlet obstruction in a 5 years boy

We report a 5 years old boy with bladder outlet obstruction secondary to a fibroepithelial polyp of prostatic urethra. The micturating cystourethrogram showed a filling defect in the posterior urethra. Cystourethroscopy revealed a polyp in the prostatic urethra proximal to the verumontanum. Transurethral resection was done and histopathology confirmed fibroepithelial polyp of the urethra

rare complication of forgotten ureteral stent

A 35 years old lady presented with history of something coming out of the genitalia for the last 5 days. She also had history of pain in the left lumbar region which was initially investigated but the patient did not follow-up. About 15 years ago she also underwent left ureteric reimplantation. On examination, a stick like tube was protruding out of the urethral meatus which was fixed to the underlying vesical calculus. The calculus was evident radiologically and on ultrasound. The projecting portion of the stick like tube was cut and the vesical calculus with the inner portion of the tube was removed by open procedure. On evaluation of the specimen, it was found that the vesical calculus was fixed to the plastic tube which had concretions around it. This plastic tube had been placed after the ureteric reimplantation done 15 years age and the patients was not aware of it

Role of urodynamic studies in evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms

To emphasize the role of urodynamic studies in the evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms and to describe the technique and report results of tracings from a urodynamic center in a tertiary care settings. Descriptive Study. This study was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi, over thirty months from January 2003 to June 2005. sixty seven patients referred to the urodynamic centre of AFIU, Rawalpindi with complaints of urinary incontinence or voiding disorders were evaluated with conventional urodynamic tests. During cystometry, the detrusor activity, bladder sensation, bladder capacity and bladder compliance were measured with simultaneous urinary flow measurement in those who were able to void. Results were grouped into eight different types of urodynamic diagnoses. There were 51 females [76%] and 16 males [24%] patients. Majority of patients [48%] were in age group of 20-50 years. Ages ranged from 5-84 with a mean of 41.3 +/- 17.3 years. Majority of the patients found to have neuropathic bladder [25.3%] followed by patients with pure stress incontinence [23.9%]. In 38 female patients who presented with urinary incontinence, majority of them i.e. 16 [42.1%] were found to have pure stress incontinence on urodynamic evaluation while 11 [28.9%] patients had normal cystometric findings and 5 patients [13.1%] had hypersensitive cystometrogram signifying sensory urge incontinence while motor urge incontinence implying detrusor instability occurred in 1 patient [2.7%]. Urodynamic studies are useful in evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms not responding to conventional medical treatment as they help clinician in identifying the underlying causes for the symptoms, and to quantify the related pathophysiological processes. Treatment of the underlying pathophysiology facilitates better treatment of symptoms

Metastatic malignant Pheochromocytoma of adrenal gland

Malignant pheochromocytoma is a rare disease with a high mortality. Surgical removal is usually curative while chemotherapy and radiotherapy are palliative treatments. A case of metastatic malignant pheochromocytoma of the right adrenal gland is presented who had fluctuating blood pressure with episodic headache and raised urinary VMA levels. Thoraco-abdominal resection of the tumour resulted in control of blood pressure and patient was asymptomatic at 4 months follow-up

Polypropylene mesh repair of incisional hernia

The purpose of this study is to report the results of tension-free repair of primary and recurrent incisional hernias using polypropylene [Prolene] mesh. Design: Descriptive Study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Kharian and Pano Aqil from January 1998 to September 2002.Subjects and Twenty-seven patients underwent tension-free repair of primary and recurrent incisional hernias with polypropylene mesh in extrafascial position. Nine of them had recurrent incisional hernias, 02 hernias were irreducible and 01 presented with acute intestinal obstruction. Ten patients had hernias in the midline incision, 04 at paramedian incision and rest of them had hernias on transverse abdominal incisions. The mean age was 43.7 years. The only death occurred in a known cirrhotic presenting with obstructed hernia. Another patient was seen developing seroma and wound infection in one case. No recurrence was seen during the mean follow-up period of 2.2 years. The tension-free repair of incisional hernia, with polypropylene mesh in extrafascial position, is safe and easy procedure with acceptable morbidity and no recurrence