ABSTRACT
Ultrasonic bubble detection has been widely used in predicting the risk of decompression sickness and evaluating the efficiency and safety of decompression procedures. Currently, the widely used SPENCER scale is conducted by using Doppler ultrasound to monitor the bubble signal in the precordial region of subjects. KM grading system is a computerized system based on Doppler ultrasound. The grading score can be converted into SPENCER bubble grading scale score and the bubble grading is precise and suitable for the motion status. On the basis of the above two methods, the KISMAN integrated severity score, extended SPENCER bubble grading and simplified Doppler bubble grading system were established. They not only coordinated analysis of Doppler ultrasound bubble detection results with other risk factors of decompression disease, but also convenient to use computer for processing detection results. With the in-depth application of Fourier technique and empirical mode decomposition in Doppler audio bubble signal detection, methods such as three-parameter fuzzy analysis and energy operator method are playing an important role in automatic bubble analysis. Optimization of detection technology and improvement of sensitivity and accuracy of automatic analysis are important development directions in the field of decompression bubble Doppler grating technology.
ABSTRACT
Reactive oxygen species(ROS)plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes in cells. Different effects can be produced depending on the type and subcellular localization of ROS.Therefore,various fluorescent probes have been developed to quantify and localize ROS specifically.However,due to technical limitations,these probes have defects in specificity and stability.In this paper, we review existing cellular and mitochondrial ROS probes, and summarize their characteristics.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the application of asymmetric kinetics of physiological inert gases in diving decompression algorithm.Methods Considering that the actual desaturation in the human body was slower than the saturation process,the kinetic equations of different saturation and desaturation rate of inert gases were constructed with piecewise functions on the basis of the original single exponential kinetic equation.The results were compared other adjustment methods.Results With the application of asymmetric kinetics, the time at each decompression stop was prolonged for an approximately equal proportion, remained unchanged at some deeper and shorter stops.Conclusion Asymmetric kinetics can more closely simulate the gas movement in the body to effectively control the conservativeness of decompression,and adapt to different decompression requirements by adjusting the half-saturation time ratio.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To explore the function state of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) SHP-1 and CD45 under high partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) in lymphocyte.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primarily cultured rat splenic lymphocytes were treated with different pressure-duration of oxygen that led to promotion or inhibition of cell function. The catalytic activities, protein expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP-1 and CD45 were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The activity of SHP-1 was decreased after high Po2 treatment no matter what pressure-duration was, while the activity of CD45 was decreased only after high PoF that led to inhibition of lymphocyte function. The proteins expressed and tyrosine phosphorylation levels of two enzymes had no alteration in most treatment groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The decrease of PTP catalytic activities might be caused by their structures modification by high Po2 induced reactive oxygen species. SHP-1 and CD45 might be one of the key points of action through which high PO2 exerts its effects on lymphocytes.</p>