Skin soft tissue expansion: history, development, technical revolution and application innovation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Skin soft tissue expansion is a common surgical procedure to grow extra skin through controlled mechanical over-stretch, which has been extensively applied in the tissue repair and reconstruction of plastic surgery through more than 30-year development. OBJECTIVE: To review the history, development, technical revolution and application of the skin soft tissue expansion and to give prospects. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in CNKI and PubMed databases using the keywords of "tissue expansion, tissue expander, histology, pre-expanded flap, prefabricated flap, perforator flap, imaging technology, skin transplantation, reconstructive surgical procedures, stem cells transplantation, clinical application" in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 4 189 articles were retrieved, and finally 105 eligible articles were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Skin soft tissue expansion, combined with prefabricated flap technique, perforator flap technique, imaging technology, and stem cell transplant, can build lager area of expanded flap, allowing us to repair more defected regions. Single prefabricated expanded flap is used in total facial reconstruction, known as "Chinese face shift", which is better than the traditional allografts, marking a significant medical innovation in plastic surgery.

In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and human A549 lung cells / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate in vitro cytotoxicity and oxidative stress response induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured macrophages (murine RAW264.7 cells) and alveolar epithelium cells type II (human A549 lung cells) were exposed to the blank control, DNA salt control, and the MWCNTs suspensions at 2.5, 10, 25, and 100 μg/mL for 24 h. Each treatment was evaluated by cell viability, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Overall, both cell lines had similar patterns in response to the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress of MWCNTs. DNA salt treatment showed no change compared to the blank control. In both cell lines, significant changes at the doses of 25 and 100 μg/mL treatments were found in cell viabilities, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress indexes. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also found to be significantly higher at the dose of 10 μg/mL treatment, whereas no change was seen in most of the indexes. The ROS generation in both cell lines went up in minutes, reached the climax within an hour and faded down after several hours.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exposure to MWCNTs resulted in a dose-dependent cytotoxicity in cultured RAW264.7 cells and A549 cells, that was closely correlated to the increased oxidative stress.</p>

Effect of modified wuhua decoction on skin barrier function in facial corticosteroid addictive dermatitis patients / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Wuhua Decoction (WHD) on corticosteroid addictive dermatitis (CsAD) and in improving patients' facial skin barrier function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-five patients were randomly assigned to two groups, the 38 in the treated group treated with WHD together with oral administration of levocetirizine tablet, while the 37 in the control group treated with levocetirizine tablet alone in the same way, 30 days as a course. Skin erythema dose (ED) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of patients were measured before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five cases in the treated group and 7 cases in the control group were dropped out. The total effective rate was 69.7% (23/33 cases) in the treated group and 10.0% (3/30 cases) in the control group respectively, with the score of objective symptoms reduced from 5.48 +/- 1.60 before treatment to 1.24 +/- 1.62 after treatment and the score of subjective symptoms reduced from 7.06 +/- 1.54 to 1.55 +/- 1.72 in the treated group, while in the control group, the two indexes reduced from 5.57 +/- 1.25 to 3.27 +/- 1.55 and from 6.77 +/- 1.36 to 3.07 +/- 1.36 respectively, showing significant difference between the two groups and the efficacy in the treated group was better than that in the control group (P <0.01). Skin ED decreased significantly in the treated group after treatment, and insignificantly in the control group. TEWL began to decrease on the 15th day in the treated group, while it was unchanged in the control group; on the 30th day, although a decrease was shown in both groups, its reduction was lower in the treated group (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>WHD has significant clinical efficacy on CsAD, it could reduce the skin ED and quickly recover the injured facial skin barrier function.</p>

Voice analysis in pre-lingual cochlear implant adults / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe voice characteristic of pre-lingual cochlear implant adults for cochlear implantation and phoniatrics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>3s-sustained voice of vowel [ a: ] of 28 pre-lingual cochlear implant adults, 18 pre-lingual deafness adults and 10 adults with normal hearing were analyzed. Specifically, the Voice analyses include fundamental frequency, first formant, second formant, frequency perturbation quotient (FPQ), amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ) and harmonic noise ratio (HNR). The outcomes of 3 groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The fundamental frequency was lower in cochlear implant group [(175.42+/-25. 31) Hz] than that in deafness group [(210.84+/-54.300) Hz] (P = 0.02). The position of formant of cochlear implant group [F2 = (1264. 64 +/- 152.19) Hz] was more access to normal than that of normal hearing group[ F2 = (1422.44 +/- 232. 37) Hz, P = 0. 02]. FPQ of cochlear implant group (2.09 +/- 1.15) was more access to normal than that of deafness group (5.32+/-4.29, P=0.006). The voice of cochlear implanted and deafness adults were much more different individually.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the aspect of acoustic characteristic of voice, pre-lingual cochlear implant adults could benefit cochlear implantation finitely. As speech perception of pre-lingual cochlear implant adults was far worse than that of children and post-lingual cochlear implant adults, the general outcome of pre-lingual cochlear implant adults was very limited. Cochlear implant of those candidate should be cautious.</p>

Study of event-related potential on the visual attention of aging under region cues / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the brain mechanisms of aging of the visual attention. Methods Through the precue-target visual search paradigm using the event-related potentials technique,16 young and 16 elderly subjects participated the electrophysiological experiment.The background was comprised of three homocentric black circles and eight English capital letters consisted of each circle.The letter “T” was designed as the target stimulus.T was a target only when it located the circle clued to the same size of the precue.For example,when the cue was the “large”,“T” may appear within 3 circles.When the cue was the “median”,“T” may appear within either the median or small circles.When the cue was small,the target “T” may appear only within the small circle. Results The reaction time of the two groups of subjects became quick with the reduction of the cue scale,while the amplitudes of P1 and N1 components of event-related potentials increased with the decrease of the cue scale.Old subjects showed longer response time than did young subjects,and the posterior P1 component was enhanced significantly and N1 component was inhibited obviously.The P2 component was manifested as significantly inhibitory effect not only in the amplitude but also in the abnormal and unstable waveform.Conclusions The cognitive function of elderly subjects declines in the research of target stimuli,which suggests that the age-related changes could lead to deficit in the posterior area of the brain to visual spatial attention (involuntary attention).

Meta-Analysis of Association Between Air Fine Particulate Matter and Daily Mortality / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To do the epidemiological analysis based on the data of air fine particulate matter PM2.5 and daily mortality and to estimate the exposure-response relationship. Methods Based on the online search of relevant studies with the same endpoint meta-analysis was used to do the comprehensive assessment to determine the exposure-response relationship. Results The exposure-response relationship between short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and the increased percentage of daily mortality was found as the concentration of air fine particulate increased a certain degree(100 ?g/m3) the daily mortality of residents increased by 12.06%(95%CI 8.31%-15.82%). Conclusion The exposure-response relationship recommended in the present paper can be applied to the health risk assessment of air fine particulate matter in various cities of China.