Comparison of double staining of elastic fibers and broad-spectrum keratin with simple elastic fiber staining in cases of suspected pleural invasion of lung cancer / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To evaluate the effects of double stai-ning of elastic fibers and broad-spectrum keratin and simple e-lastic fiber staining in pleural invasion of lung cancer. Methods The pathological data of lung cancer from June 2015 to July 2016 in Jiangsu Province Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, of which 104 cases presented with suspected pleural invasion by HE staining. Double staining of elastic fibers and broad-spec- trum keratin and simple elastic fiber staining were adopted to compare their effects for pathological analysis on pleural invasion of lung cancer. Results 46 patients with positive pleural inva-sion were reported by simple elastic fiber staining, whereas 63 patients with positive pleural invasion were detected by double staining. The positive rate of double staining was 60. 58% , however the positive rate of simple elastic fiber staining was 44. 23% . The ability of double staining on detection of pleural invasion was significantly higher than simple elastic fiber stai-ning. Furthermore, following pathological analysis revealed that patients with contradictory results using double staining and sim-ple staining were mostly diagnosed by presence of single or sever-al broad-spectrum keratin-positive tumor cells which invaded the pleura. Conclusion Compared with simple elastic fiber stai-ning, double staining of elastic fibers and broad-spectrum keratin combines the advantages of these two methods, which can simul- taneously visualize the pleural and tumor cells, so as to better observe the adjacent relationship between tumor cells and sur-rounding pleura. Double staining of elastic fibers and broad-spectrum keratin is an efficient method for pathological diagnosis and benefit to following clinical treatment of patients with positive pleural invasion of lung cancer.

Establishment and application of hepatocyte steatosis models induced by oleic acid / 中国药理学通报

Aim To establish an in vitro cell model for investigating hepatic steatosis in the primary stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods Cultured HepG2 cells were divided into different group exposed to different concentrations of oleic acid for 24 h respectively.Lipid droplets in the cells were observed with Oil Red O staining and Nile red staining.The contents of intracellular TG,MDA and SOD and the levels of ALT and AST in the cell supernatant were evaluated to verify the cell model,and the effect of flavonoids on the TG accumulation was observed in oleic acid-induced HepG2.Results A large number of lipid droplets were found in the model group with 0.4 mmol · L-1 oleic acid,which showed markedly increased level of triglyceride without significant changes of intracellular MDA content and SOD activity and the levels of ALT and AST in the cell supernatant,compared with the control group.Intervention with different doses of quercetin and epicatechin significantly decreased the TG content in the cell model.Conclusion Hepatic steatosis HepG2 cell model can be established by 0.4 mmol · L 1 oleic acid for the studies on lipid-lowering natural drugs in the prevention of NAFLD.

Effect of Coixenolide on Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Collagen-induced Arthritis Mice / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of coixenolide on Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) mice, and to explore its possible mechanism for treating rheumatiol arthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five mice were recruited as a normal control group from 25 mice, and the rest 20 were used in CIA modeling. After successful modeling they were randomly divided in the model control group and the coixenolide group, 10 in each group. Coixenolide injection at 25 mL/kg was intraperitoneally injected to mice in the coixenolide group, while normal saline at 25 mL/kg was intraperitoneally injected to mice in the normal control group and the model control group. The injection lasted for 21 days. Scoring for CIA was performed after injection and arthritis index was calculated. The peripheral blood Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg ratio was determined by flow cytometry (FCM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the arthritis index obviously increased in the model control group (P < 0.01). The arthritis index obviously decreased more in the coixenolide group than in the model control group (P < 0.01). Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg levels obviously decreased more in the model control group than in the normal control group (P < 0.01 ). Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg levels obviously increased more in the coixenolide control group than in the model control group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Coixenolide could up-regulate Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg ratios in CIA mice, which might play certain immunoregulation roles in the incidence of CIA.</p>

DNA barcoding research and its application on medicinal plants of Bletilla H. G. Reichenbach / 药学学报

To identify adulterants from medicinal plants of Bletilla H. G. Reichenbach, the suitable candidate DNA barcoding of Bletilla was evaluated. In this study, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, the LFY homologous gene intron 2 and chloroplast ycfl gene were amplified and sequenced from forty-one samples. The intra-specific and inter-specific divergences of Bletilla were calculated, and the identification efficiency was assessed using Barcoding Gap, NJ tree by K2P distance and BLAST1 method. The result showed the intra-specific divergence of nrDNA ITS and ycJfl (0.022-0.106 and 0.017-0.106) were obviously higher than the inter-specific divergence (0-0.012 and 0-0.015), and four species of Bletilla were also accurately distinguished in NJ trees. Whereas, there was no Barcoding Gap on LFY homologous gene intron 2, thus it cannot effectively identify species of Bletilla. Using NJ tree of nrDNA ITS and ycfl gene, powdery medicine and the adulterants of Bletilla were successfully unidentified. In conclusion, nrDNA ITS and ycfl can be used as a potential DNA barcoding to identify the medicinal plants in Bletilla and its adulterants. There were only three basic differences on nrDNA ITS between "Jujing baiji" and Bletilla striata of Lu'an in Anhui province, and two basic differences in ycfl. Based on morphological and molecular data, "Jujing baiji" could be recognized as the species of Bletilla striata.

Brachiocephalic trunk and left brachiocephalic vein injuries following penetrating right sternoclavicular junction trauma: a case report / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

A 46-year-old male sustained severe pe- netrating injury by a sharp instrument to his right upper sternoclavicular junction. The wound tract was from suprasternal notch to mediastinum. Exploratory operation via median sternotomy under general anesthesia found a large mediastinal septum hematoncus, as well as brachiocephalic trunk and left brachiocephalic vein injuries. The perforating vascular wounds were repaired with 5-0 prolene suture. He was recovered uneventfully and discharged 9 days after operation. There was no sequel found during 7 years follow-up.

The awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of mineral and bone disorder in patients with moderate or advanced stage chronic kidney disease / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the awareness rate,treatment rate and control rate of mineral and bone disorder in patients with moderate or advanced stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods The awareness rate,treatment rate and control rate of mineral and bone disorder were evaluated based on a questionnaire and related laboratory examinations in 503 CKD stage 3 to 5 patients. Results The awareness rate of mineral and bone disorder in patients with moderate or advanced stage CKD was highest in hemodialysis patients,moderate in peritoneal dialysis patients and lowest in non-dialyzed patients (all P ＜0.01).The total scores of the questionnaire were lowest in non-dialyzed patients [6 (5,8)] and were significantly higher in peritoneal dialysis [11 (9,12)] and hemodialysis patients [13 (11,15)] (P＜0.01).The extent of awareness was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.11,P＜0.05),and positively correlated with educational background (r=0.226,P＜0.01),duration of CKD (r=0.597,P＜0.01) and duration of dialysis (r=0.366,P＜0.01).The source of knowledge was mainly from publicity and education made by medical staff,which accounted for 94.0％,79.5％ and 69.4％ respectively in nondialyzed,peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients.The treatment rate was significantly higher in peritoneal dialysis (88.6％) and hemodialysis patients (96.9％) than that in non-dialyzed patients (58.2％) (all P＜0.01).According to K/DOQI guideline,the control rate of serum calcium,phosphorus,calcium and phosphorus product and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were much better in non-dialyzed patients as compared to dialyzed ones.The percentage of number of lab indicators meeting the standard was significantly higher in non-dialyzed patients as compared to dialyzed ones (P＜0.01).According to KDIGO guideline,the control rate of serum phosphorus was significantly lower in hemodialysis patients (23.6％) than that in peritoneal dialysis (36.9％) and non-dialyzed patients (46.7％) (P＜0.01). Conclusions In non-dialyzed patients with moderate or advanced stage CKD,the awareness rate and treatment rate of mineral and bone disorder are relatively low,and the control rate is relatively high.Whereas in dialyzed patients,the awareness rate and treatment rate are relatively high,and the control rate is relatively low.

Adult prostate sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clarify the clinical and morphological features of adult prostate sarcoma (APS) and to further improve the knowledge and diagnostic accuracy for APS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen cases of APS were observed and analyzed on the clinical symptom, pathological features, treatment and prognosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Age of onset ranged from 22 to 77 years (mean 46.3 years). The majority of cases were presented with dysuresia. By digital rectal examination and imaging of the prostate, APS was often identified as a large tumor mass. There were 6 cases of leiomyosarcomas, 6 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, and 3 fibrosarcomas in this series. Follow-up data were available for 12 cases: 7 cases died of the disease between 9 days and 360 days after surgery. Among 5 survived patients, 3 cases had recurrence after 2 to 24 months follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>APS is a rare tumor that typically has clinical features: earlier age of onset, fast-appeared urinary tract symptoms, significant mass effects, and poor outcome. Level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is usually normal or lower. Final diagnosis relies on the features of histology and immunohistochemistry expression profile.</p>

Solute clearance characteristics of REXEEDTM series dialyzer during high-flux dialysis / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the solute clearance characteristics of REXEEDTM series dialyzers during high-flux dialysis, and explore the care characteristics. Methods A randomized crossover study of 3×3 Latin square was designed based on different dialyzers. Eighteen patients with regular hemodialysis underwent dialysis with REXEEDTM-15AC dialyzer, REXEEDTM-15UC dialyzer and controlled APS-15U dialyzer, respectively. Blood samples were obtained from the blood flow entrance and exit of dialyzers, levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphate and β2-microglobulin were detected, and solute clearance rates were calculated. Before and after the third dialysis with each dialyzer, blood samples were obtained to measure the levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine, and the rates of decrease were calculated. The vital signs of each patient were intensively observed, and the venous pressure and transmembrane pressure were monitored from the dialyzers. Results The urea nitrogen clearance rates of REXEEDTM-15AC dialyzer and REXEEDTM-15UC dialyzer were significantly higher than that of APS-15U dialyzer (P<0.05). The creatinine clearance rate of REXEEDTM-15AC dialyzer was significantly higher than that of APS-15U dialyzer(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of decrease in blood urea nitrogen among different dialyzers of the same patient(>65 % for all patients). The vital signs were stable with no adverse events during dialysis, and there was no abnormal findings in laboratory security parameters. Conclusion REXEEDTM series dialyzers are effective and safe for clinical application. Great importance should be attached to the complaints from patients during dialysis. For those with less ultrafiltration, fluid as well as uhrafiltration should be supplemented to increase the transmembrane pressure.

Preliminary study on the alternative splicing pattern of human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene during gastric carcinogenesis / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT) alterative splicing pattern in gastric carcinogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three alternative splicing sites (alpha, beta, gamma) were selected to design primers. The expression of eight hTERT alternative splicing variants (ASVs) in normal gastric mucosa, precancerous lesions and gastric cancer was detected by semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of beta site-remaining ASV (beta (+) hTERT mRNA) in precancerous lesions and gastric cancer tissues was detected by SYBR green real-time RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of alpha(+) beta(+)gamma(+) hTERT mRNA was significantly higher in gastric cancer than in precancerous lesions and normal mucosa (94.7% vs. 40.0% and 0, P<0.05). The positive rates of other ASVs were not different among the three groups. The positive rates of beta deletion ASV were 72.2% in normal mucosa, 95.0% in precancerous lesions and 100.0% in gastric cancer. The mRNA level of beta(+) hTERT was 5.49 folds higher in gastric cancer than in precancerous lesions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hTERT alternative splicing pattern changes during gastric carcinogenesis. The beta(+) hTERT mRNA is expressed increasingly during gastric carcinogenesis and may provide useful information for diagnosis of gastric cancer or precancerous lesions.</p>

Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell tumor of spleen / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features of inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell tumor of spleen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One case of inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell tumor of spleen was examined macroscopically and microscopically. Immunohistochemical study for CD21, CD23, CD35, clusterin, S-100 protein, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, CD1a, CD68, ALK protein, CD30, CD31, CD34, CD3 and CD20 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections by standard EnVision method. In-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNA was also carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Macroscopically, inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell tumor was large in size, tan-colored, soft to rubbery in consistance and associated with central hemorrhage and necrosis. Histological examination showed scattered follicular dendritic cells admixed with abundant lymphocytes and plasma cells in the background, simulating inflammatory pseudotumor. On high-power magnification, the follicular dendritic cells possessed a moderate amount of pale to lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, with indistinct cell borders. The nuclei were ovoid or spindly, with vesicular or stippled chromatin and small distinct, often centrally located, nucleoli. Some of the tumor cells showed nuclear pleomorphism and contained irregular foldings of nuclear membrane, coarse chromatin and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli. Mitotic figures were rarely identified. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, clusterin, smooth muscle actin and CD68. They were weakly and focally positive for CD35 and S-100 protein, but negative for CD21, CD23, CD1a, ALK protein, CD30, CD31 and CD34. Most of the background lymphocytes were of T-lineage (CD3-positive) ,some were CD20 (B-cell marker)-positive. EBV RNA was demonstrated in the tumor cells by in-situ hybridization analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell tumor is a rarely encountered low-grade malignancy with distinctive morphologic pattern. It is associated with EBV infection.</p>

Clinical study of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy for limited-stage small cell lung cancer(LD-SCLC).Methods 34 cases of patients with LD-SCLC were rand- mized into interdigitating chemoradiotherapy group and sequential chemoradiotherapy group.All patients re- ceived four to six cycles of alternating CE(C:carboplatin 300 mg/m~2 d_1;E:etoposide100 mg d_(1～5)and CAP(C: cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m~2 d_(1,8);A:adriamycin 40 mg/m~2 d_1;P:cisplatin 50 mg d_(3～5)chemotherapy,three weeks for a cycle.All patients also received thoracic radiotherapy with conventional fraction,2.0 Gy per frac- tion,five fractions per week.The total dose was 60 Gy.Results In interdigitating chemoradiotherapy group, CR was 64.7%,PR was 29.4%,NR was 5.9% and PD was 0 after chemo-radiation therapy.In sequential chemoradiotherapy group,CR was 23.5%,PR was 52.9%,NR was 23.5% and PD was 0 after chemothera- py,and CR was 58.8%,PR was 35.3%,NR was 5.9% and PD was 0 after radiotherapy.Conclusion The therapeutic effect of chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy for LD-SCLC was satisying.There was no sig- nificant difference in the effect between the two groups.

Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of central nervous system / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) occurring in the central nervous system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two cases of AT/RT were studied by hematoxylin-eosin, reticulin and immunohistochemical staining. The clinical and pathologic features were analyzed and the literatures reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Histologically, AT/RT was characterized by the presence of rhabdoid cells associated with various degrees of primitive neuroectodermal, epithelial or mesenchymal differentiation. Abundant reticulin fibers and a complex immunophenotype were observed. The tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD99, epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, neurofilament, desmin and smooth muscle actin. They were negative for synaptophysin, MyoD1, placental alkaline phosphatase and HMB45.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>AT/RT is a highly malignant tumor occurring in the central nervous system. It manifests mainly in children and occasionally in adults. The tumor is characterized by a heterogeneous histologic and immunohistochemical phenotype. It needs to be distinguished from a number of central nervous system tumors, including medulloblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, germ cell neoplasm and rhabdoid meningioma.</p>

SNP marker and allele-specific diagnostic PCR for authenticating herbs of Perilla / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To authenticate all the varieties of Perilla (single-species genus), to analyze sequences of rDNA ITS regions and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within them and based on these, to design allele-specific diagnostic PCR primers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rDNA ITS regions of the perilla varieties were sequenced and analyzed by Clustal X 1.8, MEGA 3.0. Allele-specific diagnostic PCR primers that can authenticate all the perilla varieties were designed based on SNPs loci.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The length of rDNA ITS sequences of perilla varieties ranged from 612 to 615 bp in size, including ITS1 (230 -232 bp), 5.8S (179 bp) and ITS2 (203 -204 bp). The GC content is about 61.5% - 61.9%. There is not only SNPs in non-coding region ITS1 and ITS2 (ncSNP), but also three coding SNPs (cSNP) loci in the conservative region of 5.8S. All the SNPs have only two allele loci polymorphism. The cSNP in 5.8S is related to the morphology variation among the varieties. Allele-specific diagnostic PCR primers have been designed according to SNPs loci to authenticate accurately all the seeds and leaves of Perilla varieties.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SNPs in rDNA ITS region can be used as an effective molecular markers to authenticate all the varieties of Perilla.</p>

Authentication of Zanthexylum bungeanum Maxin population and adulterants by analysis of rDNA ITS sequences / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the difference of rDNA ITS sequences between Zanthexylum bungeanum populations and their adulterants in main habitants of China so as to provide molecular markers for identifying Zanthexylum bungeanum populations against adulterants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>rDNA ITS regions (including ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2) of 7 populations of Zanthexylum bungeanum which are separate located in Gansu, Shanxi, Sichuan, Hebei provinces, and 3 adulterants were sequenced by PCR products sequencing method or clone sequencing method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sequences of rDNA ITS region of Zanthexylum bungeanum were reported for the first time, and the sequences of ITS region ranged from 619 to 620 bp, and the length difference amoung Zanthexylum bungeanum and their adulterants is 4 bp. There are 15 variable sites, 12 informative sites and 3 authenticable sites among Zanthexylum bungeanum populations. The difference of rDNA ITS regions amoung Zanthexylum bungeanum and their adulterants is obvious, the number of variable sites is 71.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The difference of rDNA ITS sequences can be used to authenticate accurately the populations of Zanthexylum bungeanum and their adulterants. These populations of Z. bungeanum which have close relationship always distribute in near geographic areas. The characteristics of rDNA ITS sequence can be used as good markers for authenticating Zanthexylum bungeanum populations form their adulterants.</p>

Differential expression of motility-related protein-1/CD9 gene in gastric cancers and premalignant lesions / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clone and identify gastric cancer-related genes and explore the possible pathogenic mechanism of gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The differentially expressed cDNA bands were isolated by fluorescent mRNA differential display in gastric cancer specimens, matched normal gastric mucosa and premalignant lesions. The motility-related protein-1 (MRP-1/CD9) gene was one of the down-regulated genes. MRP-1/CD9 gene expression in different kinds of gastric tissue was analyzed by Northern blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MRP-1/CD9 expression was down-regulated in all gastric cancer tissues. Northern blot analysis confirmed this differential expression. RT-PCR analysis showed that the MRP-1/CD9 gene expression was much lower in gastric cancers(0.31+/-0.18) than in the matched normal gastric tissue (0.49+/-0.24) and in the premalignant lesions (0.47+/-0.18) (P<0.05), and its expression in intestinal type gastric cancer (0.38+/-0.16) was higher than that in diffuse type gastric cancer (0.22+/-0.17) (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The MRP-1/CD9 gene expression was down-regulated in gastric cancer, its expression was probably related to the carcinogenesis and histology types of gastric cancer.</p>