ABSTRACT
Two new type B polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) (1 and 2) and a known biogenetic precursor hyperbeanol Q (3) were isolated from the root extract of Hypericum beanii, a medicinal plant widespread in southwest China. Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1D/2D NMR and HRESIMS data analysis, and absolute configurations were determined through detailed electric circular dichroism (ECD) analysis including ECD exciton chirality, Mo
ABSTRACT
Ginsenoside F1 is a rare ginsenoside in medicinal plants such as Panax ginseng,P. notogingseng and P. quinquefolius. It has strong pharmacological activities of anti-tumor,anti-oxidation and anti-aging. In order to directly produce ginsenoside F1 by using inexpensive raw materials such as glucose,we integrated the codon-optimized P.ginseng dammarenediol-Ⅱ synthase(Syn Pg DDS),P.ginseng protopanaxadiol synthase(Syn Pg PPDS),P. ginseng protopanaxatriol synthase(Syn Pg PPTS) genes and Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 reductase(At CPR1) gene into triterpene chassis strain BY-T3. The transformant BY-PPT can produce protopanaxatriol. Then we integrated the Sacchromyces cerevisiae phosphoglucomutase 1(PGM1),phosphoglucomutase 2(PGM2) and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 1(UGP1) genes into chassis strain BY-PPT. The UDP-glucose supply module increased UDP-glucose production by 8. 65 times and eventually reached to 44. 30 mg·L-1 while confirmed in the transformant BY-PPT-GM. Next,we integrated the UDPglucosyltransferase Pg3-29 gene which can catalyze protopanaxatriol to produce ginsenoside F1 into chassis strain BY-PPT-GM. The transformant BY-F1 produced a small amount of ginsenoside F1 which was measured as 0. 5 mg·L-1. After the fermentation process was optimized,the titer of ginsenoside F1 could be increased by 900 times to 450. 5 mg·L-1. The high-efficiency UDP-glucose supply module in this study can provide reference for the construction of cell factories for production of saponin,and provide an important basis for further obtaining high-yield ginsenoside yeast cells.
Subject(s)
Ginsenosides/metabolism , Glucose , Panax , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Uridine Diphosphate GlucoseABSTRACT
Hederagenin is an effective constituent of many medical plants, such as Clematidis Radix, and has a wide range of applications in anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, hepatoprotective antibacterial, et al. In order to obtain the efficient production of yeast cells for hederagenin,we successfully cloned and screened out a P450 gene MdMA02 from Malus×domestica which can catalyze oleanolic acid C-23 oxidation with our developed plug and play platform. Its amino acid homology is only 32% as compared to characterized CYP72A68v2. By transforming MdMA02 to the oleanolic acid-producing strain BY-OA, a hederagenin-producing strain was constructed and hederagenin's titer could achieve 101 mg·L⁻¹ using high cell density fermentation, which was 337 times higher than in shake flasks culturing. This study provides a basis for further research on promoting the creation of oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenoids biosynthetic pathway analysis and relative cell factories construction.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical features of diffuse brain swelling following severe craniocerebral trauma and explore the optimized treatment protocols.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 134 cases of craniocerebral trauma with diffuse brain swelling receiving surgical treatment (n=76) and conservative therapy (n=580) were analyzed retrospectively for the clinical outcomes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 76 surgical patients, 55 survived with a survival rate of 72.4% as compared with the rate of (75.9%, 43/58) in the conservative therapy group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Early implementation of comprehensive measures is of critical importance in the management of severe craniocerebral trauma with diffuse brain swelling.</p>