ABSTRACT
Ovarian cancer， one of gynecological malignancies， is often diagnosed at the late stage because of the atypical early symptoms and has become a major killer of women. Research has found that the co-evolution of tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment is an important cause for the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. It is believed in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） that Yin and Yang are the roots of everything， and their balance， namely Yin being at peace and Yang being compact （“Yin Ping Yang Mi”） is a sign of good health. The mutual opposition， restriction， and rooting of Yin and Yang as well as their waning and waxing and transformation are the keys to maintaining the balance. In TCM， ovarian cancer falls into the category of abdominal mass， which results from the struggle between healthy Qi and evil Qi. When the healthy Qi is deficient and the evil Qi is excessive， the balance between Yin and Yang will be destroyed， triggering the body and ovarian cancer microenvironment as well as the relevant factors in the inflammatory microenvironment to be mutually opposed， restricted， and transformed， highly consistent with the dynamic development of Yin and Yang. At present， the studies concerning TCM intervention in the inflammatory microenvironment of ovarian cancer mostly focus on the signaling pathways to reveal the advantages of TCM multiple components against cancer cells via multiple targets， but they fail to explain the TCM efficacy from the perspective of Yin-Yang balance. Therefore， guided by the concept of Yin-Yang balance， this paper macroscopically and microscopically explored the effects of the changed factors in inflammatory microenvironment on the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer， and put forward that the prevention and control principles of ovarian cancer should lie in the "adjustment of Yin-Yang balance"， accompanied by healthy Qi reinforcement and pathogen elimination. This paper has laid the foundation for the elucidation of modern research achievements regarding the ovarian cancer microenvironment with TCM theory and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer with integrated TCM and western medicine.
ABSTRACT
Objectives:To describe and summarize international evidences on policies and programs for training health personnel in rural areas,to identify best practice to increase health manpower in rural areas, and to provide references for China's policy of targeted admission program. Methods:This is a literature review based research. 48 literatures in Chinese and English were selected about the training of health professionals in rural areas at home and a-broad. Thematic framework approach was applied to review and analyze the related strategies and practices,and les-sons learned. Results: Common measures to train health personnel in rural areas included: enrollment of students with a rural background,tutoring system in medical training,internship in rural health institutions, financial incen-tives,and compulsory rural services after graduation. Lessons learnt:(1) adequate financial resources are a prereq-uisite for smooth program implementation;(2) Good project management and evaluation are critical aspects of effec-tive project implementation;(3) choosing the right combination of various practices to implement such projects can improve effectiveness. Conclusions:The policy of targeted admission program is suitable for China's current situation. Meanwhile,international experiences can provide valuable lessons to improve China's program design and implemen-tation and these include:increasing capital investment,strengthening management and evaluation,and strengthening sector cooperation to further improve targeted admission program.