ABSTRACT
This case presents vertical root fracture with vital pulp in mandibular right first molar. Examinations of the history, clinical tests, laser Doppler flowmetry, and radiographs revealed that the tooth showed positive response to electric pulp testing and was normal compared with the healthy control tooth. This study aimed to use a novel vital preserving surgical technique (microapical surgery and nanometer bioactive materials) to make an effective therapeutic decision for the vital tooth with vertical root fracture.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp , Molar , Tooth Fractures , Tooth RootABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE Paeoniflorin (PF) and albiflorin (AF) are the major active components of total peony glucosides(TPG)from Paeonia lactiflora Pal,which have many biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidation and anti-hypertension effects. The drug-drug pharmacokinetic interaction among PF,AF and TPG,the pharmacokinetic comparisons of AF between hypoxia and normoxia,the transport of AF cross the blood-brain barrier cell model and the transport of AF/PF/TPG cross Caco-2 cell model were investigated.METHODS A highly sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS method with multiple-reaction monitoring(MRM)scanning via electrospray ionization(ESI)source operating both in the positive and negative ionization mode was successfully developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of PF and AF in rat plasma after an oral administration of PF,AF and TPG. RESULTS The validated and developed UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to simultaneously determine the AF and PF concentration in rat plasma and investigate pharmacokinetic interactions after a single intragastrical ad-ministration of PF,AF,co-administration of PF with AF and TPG,respectively.The elimination of both PF co-administered with AF and PF in TPG were slower than those for PF alone and the distribution in the tissues was wider.The combination of PF with AF or TPG could significantly increase the values of the AUC, MRT and t1/2of the drug PF, and reduce the values of CL of PF. From a comparison of the main pharmacokinetic parameters among AF alone, AF combined with PF and AF in TPG, the values of the MRT and t1/2of AF in TPG were greater than that of AF alone,and there were statistically signifi-cant differences in these parameters(P<0.05,P<0.01).It was also noticed that AUC and Cmaxof PF in hypoxia rats were significantly decreased compared with that of normaxia rats, suggesting that there was a decreased exposure of PF in rats under hypoxia. The multiple active components in TPG may lead to DDIs between some P-gp substrates. CONCLUSION The clinical performance of total peony glucosides would be better than that of single constitute. The outcomes of the study are expected to serve as a basis for development of clinical guidelines on total peony glucosides usage.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of paeoniflorin in rats under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Methods A highly effective and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method with multiple-reaction monitoring scanning via electrospray ionization source was successfully developed and validated for quantitation of paeoniflorin in rat plasma. A total of 12 SD rats were randomly divided into the hypoxic and normoxic groups. Each rat was received a single dose of paeoniflorin with 80 mg/kg through intragastric administration. The blood samples were drawn from the jugular veins to measure the plasma drug concentrations in rats at different time points. The pharmacokinetic parameters were processed by DAS software. The statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS software according to independent sample t test. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of paeoniflorin between the hypoxia and the normoxic rats were: AUC(0-t) 26 600.7 and 35 702.4 ng·min/ml, MRT(0-t) 127.2 and 109.7 min, T1/2 111.6 and 108.6 min, Tmax 50.8 and 35.0 min, and Cmax 176.9 and 332.7 ng/ml, respectively. The Cmax and AUC of paeoniflorin in hypoxia rats were significantly reduced, indicating that there was a statistical difference in in vivo drug level. Conclusion The pharmacokinetic behavior of paeoniflorin displayed some changes between the hypoxic and the normoxic rats. Current results provide some experiment basis to optimization and adjustment of dosage regimen for paeoniflorin preparation in clinical practice.