Determination of cotinine, phenylglyoxylic acid and mandelic acid in human urine by GC/MS / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a GC/MS method for analysis of cotinine (COT), phenylglyoxylic acid (PA) and mandelic acid (MA) in human urine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human urine samples were extracted by CCl(3) and derivatized with MSTFA after dried completely. The contents of COT, PA and MA were measured by GC/MS method with DB-5MS capillary column and EI ion-source.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curves for COT in urine samples were linear over the concentration ranges of 0.0002 approximately 3.5 microg ml(-1), while PA and MA were both of 1.25 approximately 160 microg ml(-1). The limits of quantification were 0.0002 microg ml(-1), 1.25 microg ml(-1) and 1.25 microg ml(-1) for COT, PA and MA, respectively. The assay recoveries for COT, PA and MA ranged from 89.53% approximately 102.4%, 84.88% approximately 91.46% and 83.46% approximately 13.6%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established method can detect cotinine, phenylglyoxylic acid and mandelic acid simultaneously, which would be used in routine assessment and monitoring of the internal exposure to nicotine and styrene in human body.</p>

Determination of beta-estradiol, bisphenol A, diethylstilbestrol and salbutamol in human urine by GC/MS / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a GC/MS method for analysis of beta-estradiol (beta-E2), bisphenol A (BPA), diethylstilbestrol (DES) and salbutamol (SAL) in human urine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human urine samples were extracted by cleanert PCX and cleanert PEP cartridges; and derivatized after dried completely. beta-E2, BPA, DES and SAL in the extracts were measured by GC/MS method with DB-5MS capillary column and EI ion-source.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curves for beta-E2 in samples were linear over the concentration ranges of 1 approximately 300 ng ml(-1), for BPA were 1 approximately 200 ng ml(-1), for DES were 2 approximately 300 ng ml(-1) and for SAL were 0.01 approximately 1.2 microg ml(-1). The limits of detection were 0.15 ng ml(-1), 0.19 ng ml(-1), 0.23 ng ml(-1) and 1.0 ng ml(-1)for beta-E2, BPA, DES and SAL, respectively. The assay recoveries for beta-E2, BPA, DES and SAL ranged from 93.4 % approximately 110.5 %, 84.7 % approximately 104.9 %, 87.0 % approximately 105.4 % and 81.8 % approximately 96.8 %, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established GC/MS method can detect beta-E2, BPA, DES and SAL in urine samples simultaneously, which can be used in routine assessment and monitoring of beta-E2, BPA, DES and SAL in human body.</p>

Investigation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome correlated with high risk sexual behavior and knowledge of male homosexuality in Hangzhou Province, China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find out the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) correlated high risk sexual behavior and knowledge in male homosexuals in Hangzhou Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using an self-designed anonymous questionnaire, 927 male homosexual were investigated anonymously in May 2003 to January 2004.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the male homosexuals surveyed, the average age of this population was (29.8 +/- 9.9) years, the average number of sexual partners per person in past one year was 7.34 +/- 5.61. Among them, 199 (21.46%) had one sexual partner, 165 (17.79%) had 2 - 5 sexual partners, and 563 (60.73%) had more than 5 sexual partners, and 179 (19.30%) also had opposite-sex sexual partner the average number of opposite-sex sexual partner of this group was 1.16 +/- 0.21. According to sexual behavior, 40.66% of them used anal sexual behavior, 62.99% used oral sex, 74.11% used masturbation and 3.66% used oral-anal touch. Among 179 male homosexuals having opposite sexual partners, the percentage of using vagina sex, anal sex, oral sex and masturbation was respectively 59.77%, 36.87%, 40.22% and 26.25%. Although their understanding level about AIDS was high, the risk rate of sexual behavior among them was also very high. Only 11.11% of male homosexuals used condom when they had anal sex with same sex, most of them rarely used or never used protection measures. When having sex with female, almost none of them used protection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The risk rate of sexual behaviors in male homosexuals is very high that some appropriating and effective measures for prevention should be taken.</p>

Investigation on emerging rate and prevalence of male homosexuality in Hangzhou City / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand prevalence of male homosexuality in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Provicne of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To investigate emerging rate of male homosexuality and infer its prevalence in public gathering by observation at fixed points and questionnaire survey in gay men.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 2 012.5 male homosexuals taking part in public gatherings, with 95% confidence interval of 1 899 - 2 129, in Hangzhou. Frequency of such activities they took part in was once every 3 - 15 days (11.3 +/- 2.7) days. Each gay man knew 1.51 +/- 0.33 (0 - 6) other male homosexuals who never exposed their sexual orientation. The emerging number of male homosexuals was 5 051.38.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The emerging rate of male homosexuality was 0.58%, with its prevalence of about 1% - 2% in public gatherings in Hangzhou.</p>

A study on awareness of sexually-transmitted disease/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related factors among migrant workers in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province of China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand awareness on transmission routes of sexually transmitted diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (STD/AIDS) among migrant workers in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional study was conducted in migrant workers in Hangzhou with self-administered anonymous questionnaire to collect their demographic information and awareness on STD/AIDS. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 3 001 subjects were interviewed. Most of them have already had some knowledge about STD/AIDS, but not complete. There were 556 (18.8%) migrant workers did not understand that condom could prevent from STD, and 759 did not know if it could do. There were 357 (11.9%) workers did not know AIDS could be prevented, and 746 (24.9%) thought that AIDS could be cured. There were 637 workers did not know that correct use of condom could reduce occurrence of AIDS, and 725 of them thought AIDS could be infected by hands-shaking and hugging with patients of AIDS. There existed statistically significant difference in awareness on STD/AIDS between men and women, workers with varied marital status and education levels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Awareness on STD/AIDS in migrant workers was smattering, allowing of not optimistic. Community-based health education on knowledge about STD/AIDS should be strengthened among high-risk migrant workers with varied channels to improve their awareness.</p>

The morbidity of chronic diabetic complication with logistic regression analysis of related potential risk factors / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the morbidity and potential risk factors of chronic diabetic complication in Zhejiang province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the paper the morbidity of diabetic chronic complication was illustrated, using descriptive statistics. The potential risk factors of diabetic chronic complication were studied with logistic regression modeling, using data from a large retrospective study involving 1083 patients from two hospitals in Zhejiang province.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Principal chronic diabetic complications were found to be cardiovascular diseases, ophthalmic diseases, nephropathy, esthetic diseases, plant nerve diseases, cerebral blood vessel diseases, limbsblood vessel diseases and athletic nerve diseases. The principal potential risk factors would include the courses of diabetes and hypertension, age, age being diagnosed, blood pressure, baseline blood glucose, two hour blood glucose after dietary, HBAIC, nitroglycerine, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The analytic method used in the paper was fit for the study of morbidity and potential risk factors of other chronic diseases complication and the discriminant function could be built for clinical diagnosis.</p>