Drug-resistant gene polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolated from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea in 2018 and 2019 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance protein 1 (PfMDR1), chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) and Kelch 13 (PfK13) genes in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, so as to provide insights into the development of the malaria control strategy in local areas. Methods A total of 85 peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with Plasmodium falciparum infections in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea in 2018 and 2019, and genomic DNA was extracted. The PfMDR1, PfCRT and PfK13 genes were amplified using a nested PCR assay. The amplification products were sequenced, and the gene sequences were aligned. Results There were no mutations associated with artemisinin resistance in PfK13 gene in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, while drug-resistant mutations were detected in PfMDR1 and PfCRT genes, and the proportions of PfMDR1_N86Y, PfMDR1_Y184F and PfCRT_K76T mutations were 35.29% (30/85), 72.94% (62/85) and 24.71% (21/85), respectively. Conclusion There are mutations in PfMDR1, PfCRT and PfK13 genes in P. falciparum isolates from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea.

Exploration on improvement of the compliance of colorectal cancer screening in Wujing community of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

To explore the model and method of improving the compliance of colorectal cancer screening , especially the fine sieve compliance of colonoscopy . [ Methods ] The colorectal cancer screening in Wujing community was led by Wujing Community Health Center .For the sake of impro-ving the compliance of screening , Wujing Community Health Center established a screening team and speci-fied a neighboring general hospital as screening partner .We also used the method of refining the screening steps , tracking the result in time , simplifying the procedures of colonoscopy test and making epidemiological analysis. [Results] From October 1,2012 to September 30,2013, a total of 7 507 people in Wujing community received colorectal cancer screening , of whom 427 (5.69%) were found to be positive in fecal occult blood testing (FOBT).And among them, 386 (90.40%) agreed to accept the colonoscopy test and finally 380 people (88.90%) finished the test.According to the results of colonoscopy test were detected 5 cancer patients (1.32%) and 84 precancerous lesion patients (22.11%).Further treatment rate for color-ectal cancer patients was 100.00%and for precancerous lesion patients 75.00%.The median duration was 4 days for preliminary screening positive subjects from preliminary screening to receiving positive notification and 10 days for refined screening .The median duration was 3 days for colorectal cancer patients from re-fined screening to completing treatment and 25 days for early colorectal cancer patients . [ Conclusion] The model and method adopted in Wujing community is helpful to improve the compliance of colorectal cancer screening .

Progress of transcranial magnetic stimulation-motor evoked potential and its forensic application / 法医学杂志

Transcranial magnetic stimulation-motor evoked potential (TMS-MEP) test is one of the electrophysiological examination methods to evaluate the function of central nervous system. The value of the TMS-MEP has been recognized by some clinical forensic workers recently. This article reviews the principle and advantages of TMS-MEP and its application in functional evaluation of central nervous system and clinical treatment. The value of TMS-MEP in forensic medicine, especially in objective assessment of muscle strength after injury of central nervous system is also discussed.

The association of hepatitis B virus genotype and the basal core promoter mutation in Qidong, China / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and the association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or basal core promoter (BCP) mutation in Qidong, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The whole genome of HBV or X gene sequences were obtained from serum samples of HBV infected patients by using PCR and direct sequencing methods. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the genotypes or subgenotypes of HBV.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the phylogenetic tree constructed from full-length sequence of HBV, genotype C2 was predominant in Qidong area. It was prevalent in 44 out of the 48 cases (91.7%), whereas genotype B2 only existed in 4 cases (8.3%). No other genotypes or recombinant types were found in Qidong patients. The result of genotyping based on X gene sequence confirmed the above observation. In a total of 182 samples, 169 (92.9%) showed genotype C2 and 10 (5.5%) showed genotype B2. There were 3 (1.6%) patients showed a coinfection with C2 and B2. The infection rate of genotype C in Qidong was significantly higher than that in neighboring city Shanghai (chi(2) = 12.252, P less than 0.01). There was no significant difference of genotype distribution between HCC and chronic hepatitis groups (P is more than 0.05). The frequency of T1762/A1764 double mutation in genotype C2 (70.3%) was significantly higher than that in genotype B2 (30.8%, P less than 0.05). The other two types of point mutation which also occurred in BCP, i.e. T1766 and A1768, were only seen in genotype C2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(1) Genotype C2 is the predominant genotype in Qidong, China. (2) There is no association between genotype C and HCC in Qidong. (3) Genotype C has a higher prevalence of BCP mutation than genotype B.</p>

Effect of estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphism on the variations of T lymphocyte subsets and its related cell factors in female patients with primary cholestasis cirrhosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha gene polymorphism on the migration of T lymphocyte subsets and related cytokines in the female patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was conducted with sixty female PBC patients without treatment as the study group and fifty-two healthy people wtih sex and age met the requirements of the study as the control group. The polymorphism of restriction enzyme cutting site of Xba I and Pvu II in intron 1 of ERa gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD28- T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were quantitatively detected by flow cytometry. RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of TNFa, IL-2, IFNgamma, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in peripheral mononuclear cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of Pp in ERa gene Pvu II enzyme gene subtypes of female PBC patients was significantly greater than that of the control group, and the positive rate of pp gene subtype was significantly smaller than that of the control group (X2 = 7.2880, P = 0.0261). The difference of Xba I genotype and allele frequency between the female PBC patients group and the control group was not of statistical significance (X2 = 6.5382, P = 0.5833). The proportion of CD4+ T in T lymphocytes of PBC patients was increased to 45.31%+/-5.26%, compared with 33.81%+/-3.87% in the control group; and the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes was decreased to 27.78%+/-1.43 % from 31.83%+/-1.73% in the control group. In comparison with the control group, the proportion of CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes decreased significantly, while that of CD4+CD28- T lymphocytes rose significantly. The expression levels of TNFa, IL-2 and IFNgamma mRNA were 0.59+/-0.19, 0.71+/-0.29 and 0.67+/-0.21 respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the control group (0.22+/-0.13, 0.31+/-0.14, 0.27+/-0.13) (t = 6.93, 5.07, 7.01, P value less than 0.01); the expression level of IL-6 mRNA was increased to 0.45+/-0.21 from 0.34+/-0.16 in the control group (t = 1.84, P value less than 0.05); and the difference of the expression levels of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA between two groups was not of statistical significance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pp of gene Pvu II was a genetically susceptible genotype in female PBC patients, and the allele p was a susceptible gene. Th1 cell subsets and related cytokines were dominant in peripheral blood of PBC patients. As a background of genetic susceptibility, ERa gene polymorphism could affect the shift of T lymphocyte subsets and the expression of the related cytokines in PBC patients.</p>

The value of antimitochondrial antibody and its subtypes in the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A study on the value of antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) and its subtypes anti-M2, anti-M4, and anti-M9 in diagnosing primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Antimitochondrial antibody was detected by indirect immunofluorescence and anti-M2, anti-M4 and anti-M9 by Western blotting. AMA and anti-M2 of 78 PBC patients, of 35 non-PBC hepato-biliary disease patients and 20 healthy controls were studied and anti-M2, anti-M4 and anti-M9 were studied in 30 of the 78 PBC patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>96.2% (75/78) of PBC patients were AMA positive and 94.9% (74/78) of PBC patients were anti-M2 positive. Only three among the 35 non-PBC patients were positive for AMA (one with very low titre). None of the 35 non-PBC patients was anti-M2 positive. AMA and anti-M2 were negative in all the healthy controls. Among the 30 anti-M2 positive patients, 16 patients were anti-M4 positive (16/30, 53.3%) and 4 patients were anti-M9 positive (4/30, 13.3%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AMA and its subtypes (special anti-M2) are important sero-immunological markers for the diagnosis of PBC.</p>

Proliferation of hepatocytes after delivery of exogenous hepatocyte growth factor gene / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the proliferation of primary cultured rats hepatocytes after delivery of exogenous hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene which was inserted into the genome of replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vector.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The recombinant adenovirus-AdHGF which could express HGF was generated by homologous recombination. After the HGF gene was delivered into the hepatocytes, the expression of both HGF and c-met/HGF receptor mRNA in the cells was detected by RT-PCR and the level of HGF in the culture supernatant was also assayed by ELISA. On the other hand, cell proliferation was compared between before and after delivery of the HGF gene by MTS assay and the percentages of cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was determined by immunocytofluorescent stain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>4 x 10(10) efu/ml titer of AdHGF was obtained after recombination, RT-PCR indicated that the expression of HGF mRNA in hepatocytes increased on the third day after infected by the viruses and c-met/HGF receptor mRNA was also up-regulated. The HGF level in the culture supernatant assayed by ELISA was (5,939.0+/-414.39) pg/ml, which was much higher than that in the control (208.1pg/ml+/-37.20pg/ml, F=13.661, P<0.01). In addition, the proliferation of hepatocytes infected with AdHGF increased significantly according to MTS method (F>or=15.158, P<0.01) and more hepatocytes in G0/G1 stages changed into S stage (chi2=41.616, P<0.01), accordingly, PCNA index increased from 6.42+/- 1.88 to 14.56+/-2.85 (F=42.122, P<0.01).</p><p><b></b>CONCLUSION</p><p><b>THE RESULTS</b>show that HGF gene delivered into hepatocytes by AdHGF can be expressed with high efficiency in the cells, which can stimulate hepatocytes proliferation. It may be an effective tool for hepatocyte transplantation by gene modified donor hepatocytes.</p>