Bladder microenvironment actuated proteomotors with ammonia amplification for enhanced cancer treatment

Enzyme-driven micro/nanomotors consuming in situ chemical fuels have attracted lots of attention for biomedical applications. However, motor systems composed by organism-derived organics that maximize the therapeutic efficacy of enzymatic products remain challenging. Herein, swimming proteomotors based on biocompatible urease and human serum albumin are constructed for enhanced antitumor therapy via active motion and ammonia amplification. By decomposing urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia, the designed proteomotors are endowed with self-propulsive capability, which leads to improved internalization and enhanced penetration in vitro. As a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, the loaded l-methionine sulfoximine further prevents the conversion of toxic ammonia into non-toxic glutamine in both tumor and stromal cells, resulting in local ammonia amplification. After intravesical instillation, the proteomotors achieve longer bladder retention and thus significantly inhibit the growth of orthotopic bladder tumor in vivo without adverse effects. We envision that the as-developed swimming proteomotors with amplification of the product toxicity may be a potential platform for active cancer treatment.

Effect of the family-centered prenatal maternal health education on delivery methods and breast feeding / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the effect of the family-centered prenatal maternal health education on delivery modes and breastfeeding.Methods Two hundred and thirty pregnant women who accepted prenatal maternal health education were divided into the observation group and the control group according to whether their families involved in the prenatal education.There were 108 cases in the observation group and 122 in the control group.The observation group was given prenatal health education involving the pregnant women and their caregivers or their husbands.The control group was given prenatal health education according to the previously-designed course without presence of their families.The two groups were compared in delivery mode,extent of pain during production and breast feeding.Results The rates of vaginal delivery and the breast feeding at discharge in the observation group were higher than the control group(P<0.05 for both).The rate of breast swelling in 72 hours was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion Family-centered prenatal maternmal health education is good for the natural birth rate,improvement of breastfeeding rate and reduction the breast swelling.