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Objective To detecte the expression of Apelin ( APLN) in prostate cancer tissue and to investi-gate its correlation with prognosis of prostate cancer .Methods Collect prostate cancer patients in Department of Urology of Huadu District People's Hospital for 2014 -2016 years in Guangzhou .The expression of APLN was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qRT-PCR) in 20 prostate cancer tissues and 20 adjacent normal tissues.The difference between the two groups was compared .And 104 samples of primary prostate cancer and 28 samples of benign paracancerous tissues from the Taylor database were selected to analyze its relationship with the clinical features and prognosis of the patients .Results Compared with the benign paracancerous tissue(7.26 ±0.03),APLN was up-regulated in the prostate cancer tissue (7.62 ±0.42)(t=3.824,P<0.001). The up-regulation of APLN was associated with pathological stage (t=2.942,P=0.003),metastasis(t=3.022, P<0.001),Gleason score (t =2.399,P =0.031),the biochemical recurrence -free survival(t =2.533,P =0.001 ) ,and the biochemical recurrence -free survival of the patients with higher expression of APLN was shorter than that of the patients with lower expression of APLN(χ2 =6.268,P=0.012).Conclusion The abnormal expres-sion of APLN may be associated with tumor formation and malignant progression of prostate cancer .High expression of APLN can predict the biochemical recurrence -free survival in patients with prostate cancer .
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of ketamine-related cystitis.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 36 ketamine-related cystitis patients with intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin type A treatment in our hospital during August 2010 to December 2015 was conducted, including 31 males and 5 females with a mean age of 25.5 years.All patients had failed to conventional treatment options including cessation of ketamine, antibiotics, M-blockers.At the time of the first injection, patients were injected with 200 U botulinum toxin type A diluted in 15 ml of 0.9％ saline into the detrusor muscle at 30 sites, sparing the trigone, under cystoscopic guidance.3-d voiding diary, interstitial cystitis symptom index (ICSI),interstitial cystitis problem index (ICPI), pelvic pain and urinary frequency/urgency symptom score (PUF) were recorded to evaluate the efficacy.The treatment-related complications were recorded.When the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A decreased and the patient's symptoms returned to baseline before treatment, the patient received repeated injections of botulinum toxin type A with the same dose and method as the first injection.Results Thirty-six patients with ketamine-related cystitis were treated with intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin type A.Sixteen patients received two injection treatments and two patients received three injection treatments.During the follow-up, 3-d urinary diaries, ICSI, ICPI, and PUF showed a significant improvement in outcome at 4 weeks after the first injection.The efficacy of the second and third injection treatment was also remarkable.Three patients developed urinary tract infection after the first injection, and two patients developed urinary tract infection after the second injection.Mild hematuria occurred in 15 patients after the first injection, and mild hematuria occurred in 7 patients after the second injection, which was improved in 1 to 2 days.All patients did not appear acute urinary retention and other adverse drug reactions.Conclusions Intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin type A could be a safe and effective method for the treatment of ketamine-related cystitis.Repeated injection therapy is still safe and effective.
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Objective We used the dataset base on high throughput sequencing data to construct a diagnosis model by ANN and GA.Methods We screened the Taylor_prostate datasets from GEO according to,then we used the GA to screen the datas further. Finally we used the ANN to analyze the datas and construct a diagnosis model. To validate the model,we used 10-folds crossvalidation as the inner validation and the datas from Grasso dataset( GPL6480 and GPL6848) were used as the outter validation.Results We got 5 genes ACADL,ACTG2, CACNA2D1,PCP4 and SPARCL1.And we used spss to get the AUC of the model which is 94.62.The result of validation is good.Conclusion The performance of the model is good because the AUC is larger than 0.5.
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Objective To explore the value of retinoblastoma binding protein 4 ( RBBP4 ) in diagnosing prostate cancer ( PCa).Methods From January 2015 to December 2015, the prostate tissue after prostatectomy were collected and the differentially expressed degree of RBBP4 protein was analyzed in PCa and adjacent tissues by 2D-DIGE technology.The RBBP4 score of prostate tissue chip which contains 3 normal prostate tissues, 7 cancer adjacent normal prostate tissues, 50 adenocarcinoma and 20 hyperplasia tissue was checked by immunohistochemistry( IHC).In 50 patients with PCa, 4 cases were less than 60 years old and 46 cases were more than 60 years.In those patients, the Gleason scores were less than 7 scores in 18 cases, and more than 7 scores in 30 cases.22 cases were confirmed less than Ⅱ stage, and 28 cases were confirmed more than Ⅲ stage.Finally, the RBBP4 IHC score and the clinic-pathological parameters such as age, Gleason score and clinical stage of PCa patients were analyzed together.Results We found that the protein of RBBP4 increased by 2.15 times in PCa tissues compared to adjacent tissues by using 2D-DIGE technology( P=0.008).The expression of RBBP4 was higher than that in benign tissues by IHC ( F=43.972,P=0.000).And the expression of RBBP4 was positive correlation with Gleason score( t=5.589, P=0.000) and clinical stage(t=5.620,P=0.000), but was negative correlation with age(t=1.125,P=0.266).Conclusions The detection of RBBP4 can help to separate PCa from benign tissues.The overexpression of RBBP4 might result in the rapid growth of malignant cells.It may have certain value in determine the clinical staging and pathological grading of PCa.
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Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of nephron-sparing surgery (NSS)for selective T2 stage renal tumor.Methods The surgical database of 26 patients treated with NSS for clinical T2 stage renal cell carcinomas between March 2010 and May 2013 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.There were 17 males and 9 females,with a mean age of 52 years (39-74 years),mean tumor size of 10.3 cm(7.2-16.5 cm),and mean R.E.N.A.L score of 7.5 (6-10).Patients'demographics,clinical characteristics,oncologic outcomes,renal function were reviewed.Results The renal masses were removed successfully and the surgical margins were negative.There were 21 (80.8％) cases of clear cell carcinoma,4 (15.4％) papillary carcinoma and 1 (3.8％) chromophobe carcinoma.The mean ischemia time was (28.3 ± 12.5) minutes (7 patients were clamp-free).Three patients needed transfusion,one experienced urine fistula and cured by conservative treatment,and one patient's renal function got progressive worsening and required long-term hemodialysis.The average serum creatinine was 121 μ mol/L before and 136 μmol/L after surgery (P =0.06).After a period of 22-47 months' follow-up,no patient had local recurrence or metastasis.Conclusions NSS can be safely performed and provide effective oncologic outcomes for selective patients with clinical T2 stage renal cell carcinomas.R.E.N.A.L nephrometry is an important factor and should be used to evaluate the feasibility of NSS.
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Objective To study the effects of IL-4 in prostate cancer cells glycometabolism and proliferation. Methods We used IL-4 to treat PC3 cells, then tested the changes of LDH-A expression by RT-qPCR, Western Blot, CCK-8 and lactate production assay. Results Our data showed that IL-4 induced LDH-A up-expression in PC3 cells at mRNA and protein levels. Also, IL-4 promoted the proliferation activation and increased lactate production in PC3 cells. Conclusion IL-4 can strengthen the proliferation activation in PC3 cells by up-regulating LDH-A expression.
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Objective To explore the role and clinical significance of GSTM 3 ( glutathione S-trans-ferase mu 3) expression in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods We had used the two-dimensional fluores-cence difference gel electrophoresis ( 2D-DIGE) and mass spectral analysis to further verify the microarray data of mRNA expression profiling discovered .GSTM3 mRNA level was detected by Rael-time Quantitative PCR ( RT-QPCR) in 28 pairs of prostate cancer tissue and benign tissue .The relationship of GSTM 3 level with the serum PSA level and the clinical feature of PCa were analyzed . Results In 2D-DIGE study, we found that the expression of GSTM 3 protein in adjacent tissues was significantly higher than that in PCa tis-sues (P0.05) and prostate cancer clinical pathological parameters ( P>0.05). Conclusions GSTM3 expression is down-regulated in PCa tissues, and we may identify PCa by detecting the GSTM 3 expression .
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Objective To evaluate the effects and complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of renal stone after repeated extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL).Methods Forty-four patients who had a history of repeated ESWL (treatment group) and 50 patients with-out surgical intervention (control group) were submited to PCNL,and clinical data was documented in details and analyzed.Results The time to establish access in treatment group and control group was (11.8 ± 4.1) min and (10.9 ± 2.5) min,respectively,and there was no significant difference (t =1.308,P =0.194).The time to extract stone in both groups was (92.0 ± 13.5) min and (66.6 ± 17.6) min,respectively,and there was significant difference (t =7.776,P =0.000).The operative time in treatment group was (113.9 ± 12.0) min,which was longer than that in control group with (87.6 ± 13.6) min (t =8.354,P =0.000).The clearance in both groups was 81.8％ and 94.0％,and there was no significant difference (x2 =3.361,P =0.067).The was no death or other severe complication in both groups.Conclusions The operation time in treatment group was longer than that in control group,and there was no significant difference in clearance and complication rate.Thus it was safe and effctive to perform PCNL in these patients with a history of failed repeated ESWL.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bladder hydrodistention for the treatment of ketamine-associated bladder dysfunction.Methods Six patients were required to withdraw the ketamine and treated with bladder hydrodistention therapy and sodium hyaluronate irrigation,and medicine to pretect liver and kidney was also used.Results The biopsies of 6 cases demonstrated the cystitis through biopsy.Lower urinary tract symptoms such as urgency,thamuria and odynuria were significantly relieved after bladder installation within 30 days.The O'Leary-Sant ICSI scores and the ICPI scores reduced to 3.5 ± 1.6,2.8 ± 1.5 respectively.The functional bladder capacities increased to an anverage of (180 ± 28)ml,.2-3 times of nocturia,Qmax (14.4 ± 4.3) ml/s.All cases were followed up for 4 to 18 months.Symptoms disappeared or were significantly relieved in all patients.Conclusion Contracture of bladder might be the main presentation of ketamine-associated bladder dysfunction.Intravesical hydrodistention therapy and sodium hyaluronate irrigation could be the safe and effective therapy in the treatment of katamine-associated dysfunction.
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Objective To review the safety and efficacy of upper-pole access percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods From May 2008 to May 2010,237 cases ( 135 males and 102 females with mean age of 42 yrs) of renal or proximal ureteral calculi treated with upper-pole access PCNL were reviewed.The indications included calculus larger than 1.5 cm or impacted proximal ureteral calculi in 94 cases,calculus≥2 cm or impacted renal pelvic calculi in 26 cases,staghorn or multiple calculi in 68 cases,complex lower calyx calculi in 13 cases,upper calyx calculi not amenable to ESWL or URS in 12 cases,calculi within upper calyx diverticulum in 3 cases,combined UPJ obstruction or upper ureteral stenosis in 8 cases,morbidly obese patients in 3 cases,calculi within horseshoe kidneys in 6 cases,calculi within transplanted kidneys or ureters in 4 cases.Of the 237 cases,175 tracts (73.8％) were above the 12th rib,46were above the 11th rib,12 were below the 12th rib,4 were in the lower abdomen for renal transplant patients. Results The overall stone clearance rate with upper-pole access PCNL monotherapy was 74.3％.Additional punctures were required in 55 cases and combined ESWL in 6 cases.Total stone clearance rate at 3 months after operation was 88.2％.16 patients (6.8％) had a pleural injury.Thoracentesis was required in 8 patients,closed thoracic drainage in 5 patients,conservative treatment in 3 patients.After nephrostomy tube removed,pleural irritation symptom appeared in 12 cases (5.1％) who required symptomatic treatment.No patient had injury to the lung or other viscera.Significant bleeding requiring blood transfusion was olserved in 5 patients,while selective renal arterial embolization was required in 2 cases. Conclusions Upper-pole access offers optimal visibility,convenience for the movement of rigid nephroscope and high stone-free rate.It should be attempted in selected cages of upper ureteral calculi and complex renal calculi.
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Objective To verify the efficacy and safety of intravesical instillation of Cystistat in reducing complications caused by intravesical chemotherapy after TUR-BT in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients. Methods One hundred and twenty patients who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled into this multi-centered, randomized and blank controlled clinical study. Selected patients were randomized into the observation group and control group. TUR-BT was carried out in both groups followed by pirarubicin (THP) and Cystistat intravesical instillation in the observation group, and THP intravesical instillation alone in control group. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used as the primary efficacy variable. The secondary efficacy variables were assessments of hematuria and bladder irritation symptoms. Adverse events, laboratory tests and changes of vital signs before and after treatment were strictly observed during observation to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cystistat.Results Demographics and baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. The differences and the improvement rate of VAS score in the 2 groups were significant, both P＜0.01. The changes of VAS score and the improvement rate before and after treatment were (2. 24±1.70) and (92. 92±14.76) % in observation group and (0. 70±1.82) and (20. 59±87.34)% in control group respectively. According to the covariance analysis, there were significant differences in changes of VAS score between the observation group and the control group. Also, the improvement rate of VAS score was significant from visit 2. The urine frequency decreased from 9.06±4.09 to 6. 69±2.89 in observation group and increased from 8. 85±3. 32 to 10. 15±4.40 in control group, P＜0.01. There were also significant differences in changes of nocturia before and after treatment between these two groups (P＜0.01), the nocturia decreased from 2. 88±1.74 to 1. 47±1.62 in observation group and 3. 22±2.30 to 2.91±1.73 in control group, respectively. The changes of WHO assessment for hematuria,urgency and dysuria were not significantly different between the 2 groups. No Cystistat related adverse event was observed. Conclusions Cystistat combined instillation can significantly improve the VAS score of patients with chemotherapeutic agent instillation. Relief of bladder pain, frequency and nocturia are more rapidly and more durable in Cystistat combined instillation group. The improvement is more effective in patients with a high VAS score. Cystistat instillation with chemotherapeutics agents is both well tolerated and safe.
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Objective To study the elongation factor 1α(EF-1α) gene functions in prostate cancer cell line DU145 in the aspects of cell proliferation and clone formation by using the RNA interference technique. Methods DU145 cell lines were divided into control group, transfection control group transfected with scramble siRNA and experimental group transfected with EF-1α siRNA. After transfecting EF-1α siRNA into DU145 cell line, the down-regulation of EF-la expression in DU145 cell line was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Then, the cell proliferation and clone formation assays were carried on in these 3 groups of DU145 cells. Results Compared with controls, the specific down-regulation of EF-1α expression was achieved in experimental group only. Compared with control group, after the down-regualtion of EF-1α in DU145 cell line, the cell proliferation rate decreased from day 4 to day 7 after transfection by 45. 9%, 53. 5% , 35. 3% and 38. 1% , respectively(P<0. 05). The clone formation number in experimental group decreased by 67.0% (P<0. 01). Conclusions The down-regulation of EF-1α has a negative impact on prostate cancer cell proliferation and clone formation. EF-1α might be an appropiate targeting gene in prostate cancer targeting therapy.
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Objective To study the effect of down-rdgulation of EF-1 alpha gene in prostate cancer cell line DU-145 on cancer cell migration and invasion by using RNA interference technique. Methods The prostate cancer cell line DU-145 was divided into three groups: the control group (untransfected with siRNA), randomly control group (randomly transfected with siRNA) and experimental group (transfected with EF-1 alpha siRNA). Localization of EF-1 alpha and its relationship with F-actin in cytoplasm were analyzed by immunofluorescence technique. Cancer cell migration and invasion capability of DU145 cells were studied by transwell technique in these three groups. Results EF-1 alpha expression in DU145 cell line was down-regulated by using RNA interference technique. EF-1 alpha was localized in cytoplasm and co-located with F-actin. The down-regualtion of EF-1 alpha did not change the F-actin distribution in cytoplasm. The cell migration and invasion study showed that after seeding 20×104 DU145 cells into the upper chamber of transwall for 12 hours, the cells collected in the lower chambers were (10.6±1.0)×104 in control group, (11.2±0.8)×104 in randomly control group and (3.9±0.6)×104 in experimental group. Compared with controls, the cancer cell migration and invasion capability was significantly inhibited to only 37.1% (t= 13.9, P<0.05) after the specific down-regulation of EF-1 alpha expression in DU145 cells. Conclusions The down-regulation of EF-1 alpha expression has negative impacts on prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. EF-1 alpha plays important roles in prostate cancer local invasion.
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Objective To study the calcium metabolism in tacrolimus(FK506)induced rats nephrotoxicity and the preventive effect of calcium channel blocker.Methods Twenty-four Spragueinduced or FK506-induced nephropathy model.Blood creatinine,blood electrolytes,renal tissue histopathology(HE stain)and the change of ultrastructural organization in renal cells by transmission electron microscope were observed.Results The blood creatinine levels of both CsA and FK506 groups [(36.00±2.61)and(34.17±4.54)μmol/L] were significantly higher than those of the FK506+Dilgroup and control group(all P＜0.05).The blood calcium levels of both CsA and FK506 groups (2.00±0.04 and 2.05±0.04 mmol/L) were significantly lower than those of the FK506+Dil group and control group(all P＜0.05).The blood creatinine and calcium levels of FK506+Dil group were not significantly different with those of control group(P＞O.05).Histopathology examination showed cloudy swelling and vacuolization of the renal tubular epithelial cells and intra-cellular mitochondria swelling and vacuolization in the CsA and FK506 groups.However,the pathological changes of the FK506+Dil group were remarkably milder in comparison with the CsA and FK506 groups.Concluum channel blocker,Dil,could prevent the FK506-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Objective To investigate the influence of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) on the up-per urinary tract and its etiology. Methods Forty patients with TCS diagnosed by spinal MRI were enrolled in this study. There were 21 males and 19 females with mean age of 23 years old. The course of disease ranged from 1 to 40 years. Urinalysis, mid-stream urine culture, serum creatinine(SCr), urinary system ultrasound, IVU, eystography and urodynamic study were carried out on all patients. Results Urinary tract infection was found in 17 patients and increased level of SCr was found in 6 pa-tients (251.64±98.5μmol/L). Of the 29 patients who underwent urinary system ultrasound examina-tion, 12 cases had hydronephroais and dilated upper ureter. Of the 30 patients who underwent IVU, 10(33.3%) had ureterectasia and hydronephrosis, 22 cases had bladder turriform or Christmas tree like deformity with diverticulum and trabeculum. Of the 22 patients accepted cystography, 17 cases had vesieoureteral reflux on 27 sides. Post-void residual (PVR) was evaluated in 35 patients and found increased in 31 cases. Cystometry had been done in 33 patients. The mean value of maximal detrusor pressure (Pdetmax) during filling phase was 41.2±20.9 cm H2O. The detrusor compliance was 22.35±18.8 ml/cm H2O. During voiding phase, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia(DSD)was observed in 16 patients, detrusor areflexia was observed in 16 patients and detrusor underactivity was observed in 13 patients. Resting urethral pressure profilemetry was measured in 16 patients. Maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) was 76.1±33.1 cm H2O. The upper urinary tract deterioration was de-fined as increased SCr, hydronephrosis or vesicoureteral reflux. There were 20 patients diagnosed as upper urinary tract deterioration. The compliance of the upper urinary tract deteriorating group and the no-deteriorating group was 9.4±7.8 vs 19.3±15.8 ml/cm H2O, Pdetmax was 43.1±21.2 vs 24.0±11.9 cm H2O, PVR 189.0±138.0 vs 47.8±36.8 ml, MUCP 86.2±32.4 vs 46.8 5±20.8 cm H2O, incidence of damaged detrusor 100.0% vs 69.2% and DSD 65.0% vs 23.1%, respectively. There were significant differences between the 2 groups(P<0.05). And when comparing the VUR group with no VUR group, the incidence of urinary tract infection was 94.1%(16/17) vs 20.0%(1/ 5) (P=0.003). And when comparing urinary tract infection group with no infection group, the inci-dence of upper urinary tract deterioration was 88.2% (15/17) vs 21.7%(5/23)(P=0.000). Condn-sion Low compliance bladder, high Pdetmax during filling phase, increased PVR, high MUCP, damage of detrusor contractive function and DSD are the risk factors for upper urinary tract deteriora-tion in the TCS patients.
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0bjective To establish a standard curve method with more accuracy employed in fluorescence real-time PCR(RT-PCR)as a alternation of the general method.Methods β-actin and KLK11 plasmid DNA for quantitative standard curve were constructed in our study,and Plasmids of β-actin was employed as a internal control.After serial dilution these plasmid were used as DNA standard to obtained slope.Expression of these two genes in malignant prostate cancer cell line LNCAP were tested by real-time PCR,and we analyzed the RT-PCR results with two different methods and compared their accuracy.Results Thestandards curves made from these linear DNA standards showed good linearity (R2=0.991 and 0.992 for β-actin and KLK11 standards graphs),but also displayed a discrepancy in their PCR efficiency(β-actin 123% and KLK11 99%).There were different results after two different stand curve analytical method:the expression of KLK11 mRNA in LNCAP was downregulated in general standard curve method.In the new analytical method,howerer,KLK11 upregnlated for 4.46-fold.And there was a significant difference between aplification efficiency of targt gene and internal control gene(t=4.829,P<0.05).Conclusions Compared with general standard curve method,the new advanced standard curve method described here avoids an error which considers there is identical amplification efficiency between target gene and internal reference gene.It is considered to be a more correct analytical method in fluorescence real-time PCR.
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4.00 ng/ml) were divided into BPH group (without inflammation), acute inflammation group and chronic inflammation group. The diagnosis was confirmed by transrectal-ultrasound guided needle biopsies. Prostate volumes were measured in all patients by the transrectal-ultrasound. A total of 126 patients were included in this study. The biopsy results showed 47 patients in BPH group, 45 patients in acute inflammation group and 34 patients in chronic inflammation group. Results The serum PSA value in the BPH group, acute inflammation group and chronic inflammation group were (5.76?3.21),( 8.67 ?2.92 ) and (5.54?3.01) ng/ml respectively. The serum PSA value in acute inflammation group was much higher than that of BPH group and chronic inflammation group(P
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the efficacy and incidence of complications of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) compared with pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) in the treatment of lower uretheral calculi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 1997 to June 1999, 210 patients with lower ureteric calculi were treated with ESWL and the other 180 with URSL. The stones were fragmented with pneumatic lithotripter. The outcome was assessed by evacuation, retreatment and complication rates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ESWL for lower ureteric calculi resulted in a stone evacuation rate of 78.1%, compared with 93.3% for URSL (P < 0.05). ESWL had a retreatment rate of 11.9% and a perforation rate of 0, while URSL caused perforation of ureters in 3.3% of patients and a refreatment of 2.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For the management of lower ureteric calculi, ESWL provides a non-invasive, simple and safe option, and URSL has a higher stone evacuation rate but causes ureter perforation more frequently than ESWL does. Both ESWL and URSL have their respective advantages. It is recommended, however, that URSL be extensively developed for better treatment efficacy, given that the operator has an adequate technical background.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Lithotripsy , Methods , Ureteroscopy , Urethral Diseases , Therapeutics , Urinary Calculi , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
[Objective] To investigate the effect of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma Lucidum in the treatment of partial androgen deficiency of the aging male (PADAM) . [Methods] Random number table was used for the division of 138 PADAM cases. Sporoderm-broken Ganoderma Lucidum spores capsules were given orally to group A (n=80) and placebo to group B (n=58). The treatment course lasted 3 weeks. Self-scoring of physical ability, vasomotoricity, mental psychological state and sexual function was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Meanwhile, blood contents of testosterone (T), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined and adverse reaction was observed. [Results] After a 3-week treatment, the scores of physical ability, vasomotoricity, mental psychological state and sexual function were decreased in group A (P 0.05) and the difference was significant between the two groups (P
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Objective To determine the diagnostic significance of detecting the specific epithelial keratin CK 20 mRNA in peripheral venous blood from patients with bladder carcinomas. Methods Reverse transcription coupled with two step polymerase chain reaction (nested RT PCR) was used to detect CK 20 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood from patients with bladder carcinomas. Results Detection of CK 20 mRNA expression was positive in 37 of 91 patients with bladder carcinoma (41%).Among 20 patients with distant metastasis,17 were positive (85%).CK 20 mRNA was not detectable in the blood samples from 25 normal individuals.The frequency of positive CK 20 mRNA expression was signficantly higher in those with distant metastasis. Conclusions The presence of CK 20 mRNA expression in peripheral blood may be used as an early indicator of hematogenous metastasis of bladder carcinoma cells.