Perfluorooctanoic acid-induced lipid metabolism disorder in SD rat liver and its effect on the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related proteins / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) can cause lipid metabolism disorders in animal body and affect the lipolysis and synthesis of fatty acids. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) plays an extremely important role in this process. This study aims to explore the effects of PFOA on liver lipid metabolism disorders in Sprague Dewley (SD) rats and the expression of PPAR.@*METHODS@#A total of 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 in each group): a control group (ddH2O), a low-dose PFOA group [PFOA 1.25 mg/(kg·d)], a middle-dose PFOA group [PFOA 5.00 mg/(kg·d)], and a high-dose PFOA group [PFOA 20.00 mg/(kg·d)]. The rats were fed with normal diet, and PFOA exposure were performed by oral gavage for 14 days, and the rats were observed, weighted and recorded every day during the exposure. After the exposure, the blood was collected, and the livers were quickly stripped after the rats were killed. Part of the liver tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining; the contents of HDLC, LDLC, TG, TC in serum and liver tissues, as well as the activities of their related enzymes were assayed; The expression levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein (Cbp), general control of amino acid synthesis 5-like 2 (Gcn5L2), peroxidation peroxisome proliferation factor activated receptor γ (PPAR), silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) and human retinoid X receptor alpha 2 (Rxrα2) ) were detected by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#After 14 days of PFOA exposure, the PAS staining positive particles in the cytoplasm and nucleus of SD rats in the medium and high dose groups were significantly reduced compared with the control group. The serum levels of LDLC and TC in the low-dose and middle-dose groups were significantly reduced compared with the control group (all P<0.05), while the high-dose group showed an increasing tendency, without siginificant difference (P>0.05), there was no significant difference in HDLC and TG (both P>0.05). The activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were increased significantly (both P<0.05) compared with control group; the ratio of ALT/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the high-dose group was increased significantly (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in LDH and TG (both P>0.05); the HDLC content in the liver tissues in the high-dose group was significantly reduced, compared with the control group (P<0.05); the TC contents in the liver tissues in the low, medium and high-dose groups were significantly increased (all P<0.05), there was no significant difference in LDLC and TG (both P>0.05); the AKP activity in the livers in the medium and high-dose groups was significantly increased (both P<0.05), there was no siginificant difference in LDH, ALT, and the ratio of ALT/AST (all P>0.05); the protein expression levels of Ppar γ, Cbp and Rxrα2 in the liver in the high dose groups were significantly down-regulated compared with the control group (all P<0.05), while the protein expression levels of Sirt1 were significantly up-regulated (all P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#PFOA exposure can cause lipid metabolism disorder and glycogen reduction in SD rat livers, which may be related to the activation of Sirt1 and inhibition of Ppar γ expression, leading to affecting the normal metabolism of fatty acids and promoting glycolysis.

Treatment of clavicle fractures with closed reduction and titanium elastic nail fixation under precise guidance of intraoperative ultrasound / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the precise guidance of intraoperative ultrasound for closed reduction and fixation with intramedullary titanium elastic nail (TEN) in the treatment of clavicle fractures.Methods:The data of 40 patients with fresh clavicle fracture were retrospectively analyzed who had undergone closed reduction and TEN fixation under precise guidance of intraoperative ultrasound at Department of Emergency Trauma, Shandong Wendeng Osteopathic Hospital from January 2017 to March 2019. They were 25 males and 15 females, aged from 25 to 68 years (average, 52.1 years), with 27 cases on the left side and 13 on the right. Reduction and fixation of the fracture was monitored during operation to avoid iatrogenic injuries to the subclavian brachial plexus nerve, subclavian artery and vein and thoracic cavity. The Neer scoring was used at the last follow-up to assess shoulder joint function and complications were recorded.Results:Closed reduction and TEN fixation was completed uneventfully in all the 40 patients under precise guidance of intraoperative ultrasound. The operation time ranged from 20 to 56 min, averaging 36 min; the blood loss from 10 to 35 mL, averaging 22 mL. No injury occurred to the subclavian brachial plexus, subclavian artery or vein, or thoracic cavity. The 40 patients were followed up for 4 to 6 months (average, 4.8 months). All fractures achieved bony union, with no displacement or breakage of internal fixation, or fracture malunion. At the last follow-up, the shoulder joint function was good, with Neer scores ranging from 85 to 95 points (average, 93.1 points).Conclusion:The precise guidance of intraoperative ultrasound improves surgical accuracy and safety, making the closed reduction and TEN fixation a safe and minimally invasive treatment for clavicle fractures.

Immediate and long-term curative effect and safety assessment of laparoscopic surgery treated for advanced gastric cancer / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To analyse immediate and long-term curative effect and safety assessment of Laparoscopic surgery treated for advanced gastric cancer.80 cases with advanced gastric cancer treated in our hospital from August 2012 to August 2014 were selected.All the patients divided into laparoscopic operation group and laparotomy group according to the different operation method,40 cases in each group,compared surgical characteristics index,incidence of postoperative complications,the median follow-up period,disease-free survival and overall survival of the two groups of patients.The operative time was extended and intraoperatve blood soss decreased,Postoperative exhaust time for the first time and postoperative analgesic use time and post operation hospitalization duration were shortened when the laparoscopic group compared compared to laparotomy group,laparoscopic group compared(P＞0.05).The incidence rate of fever,infection,reflux gastritis,intestinal obstruction,gastric emptying dysfunction,other complications of the two groups had no obvious difference(P＞0.05).The median follow-up period,disease-free survival and overall survival of the two groups had no obvious difference (P＞0.05).The laparoscopic surgery for advanced gastric cancer can receive obviously clinical advantages and high security,it is worth promoting.