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Objective@#To evaluate and compare a series of volume changes in the nasal cavity (NC), nasopharynx, oropharynx, and maxillary sinuses (MS) in growing Class III patients after either rapid palatal expansion (RPE) or alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) followed by facemask (FM) therapy, by using conebeam computed tomography (CBCT). @*Methods@#Forty growing Class III patients were retrospectively selected and divided into two matched groups: RPE/FM (14 females, 6 males; mean age, 9.66 ± 1.23 years) and Alt-RAMEC/FM groups (14 females, 6 males; mean age, 10.28 ± 1.45 years). The anteroposterior and vertical displacements of Point A, the volumes of the NC, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and MS were measured at different time points: pretreatment (T1), postexpansion (T2), and postprotraction (T3). @*Results@#Both groups demonstrated significant maxilla advancement (by 1.3 mm) during expansion, with a statistically significant intergroup difference during protraction (RPE/FM, 1.1 mm; Alt-RAMEC/FM, 2.4 mm; p < 0.05) and throughout the treatment (RPE/FM, 2.4 mm; Alt-RAMEC/FM, 3.7 mm; p < 0.05). NC and nasopharyngeal airway volumes increased significantly in both groups after expansion, protraction, and treatment. The oropharyngeal and MS volumes increased in both groups after protraction and post-treatment. However, no volumetric differences were observed between the two groups. @*Conclusions@#There was no significant difference in airway volume changes, including NC, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal airway, and MS, between RPE/FM and Alt-RAMEC/FM groups at different time points. Although there was significantly more forward movement after protraction in the Alt-RAMEC/FM group, the difference was deemed too small to be clinically relevant.
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Objective:To evaluate the changes of different parts of upper airway after alternating rapid palatal expansion and constriction via three dimensional measurement, compared with the protocol of ra-pid palatal expansion alone.Methods: In the study, 36 patients with retrognathic maxilla were selected and randomized to either group A or group B.The patients in group A were treated with rapid palatal expansion alone.The patients in group B were treated with alternating rapid palatal expansion and constriction.Three dimensional analyses were performed on all pre-and post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images with the software Dolphin.Results: Two subjects in group B were lost to follow up during the treatment.The gender distributions, ages and all measuring items before treatment had no significant difference between group A and group B (P>0.05).Nasal floor width, nasal lateral width, nasal volume, and nasopharynx volume increased significantly in each group after rapid palatal expansion alone or rapid palatal expansion and constriction (P0.05).No significant difference was observed in the nasal floor width and nasal lateral width increment among the anterior, median and posterior parts in each group either (P>0.05).No significant difference in all the measuring items was observed between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:Alternating rapid palatal expansion and constriction could increase the volume of nasal and naopharynx cavities by the similar way of rapid palatal expansion alone, and had no obvious effect on oropharynx and hypopharynx cavities.
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Objective To investigate the effect of L-carnitine injection on oxidative stress and clinical efficacy in patients with acute anterior ST segment elevated myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) and received primary percutaneous coronary intervention .Methods 70 patients with acute anterior wall STEMI undergoing primary PCI in our hospital were randomly divided into the L-carnitine treatment group and the control group.Patients in both groups received same standardized treatment including aspirin , clopidogrel, statins, ACEI/ARB etc.after PCI.Serum levels of superoxied dismutase ( SOD ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA) were measured at arrival and 7 days after PCI.Laboratory results and echocardiography finding were compared.Results (1) The serum SOD levels in both groups were elevated on day 7 after treatment (P<0.05).The serum SOD level on day 7 in the L-carnitine treatment group was higher than the control group (P<0.05).(2) The serum MDA levels in both groups were lower 7 days after treatment (P<0.05).The serum MDA level in the treatment group was lower than the control group (P<0.05).(3) Echocardiography exam on day 7 showed left ventricular end diastolic diameter ( LVEDd) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were more significantly improved compared with the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions For AMI patients receiving primary PCI , L-carnitine injection can increase serum SOD concentration and reduce the production of MDA , showing inhibiting effects on oxidative stress and has protective effect on myocardia .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of maxillary protraction combined with repetitive rapid palatal expansions and constrictions (RPE/C) vs. rapid palatal expansion (RPE) alone using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty four subjects with maxillary retrusion were recruited and block randomized into either the control group (n = 12) or the RPE/C (n = 12) group.</p><p><b>CONTROL GROUP</b>facemask protraction after RPE. RPE/C group: facemask protraction after RPE/C. 3D reconstruction, landmarks identifying, superimposition and cephalometric analysis were performed to compare the pre-treatment and post- treatment CBCT images.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One subject in the RPE/C group was lost to follow up during the treatment. Maxilla moved forward [(2.5±1.0) mm] after maxillary protraction with RPE/C, which was significantly greater than that in the control group [(1.6±0.8) mm] (P < 0.05). The distance of basion to subspinale (Ba-A) increased [(3.1±1.0) mm] in the RPE/C group, which was significantly greater than that in the control group [(2.2 ± 0.9) mm] (P < 0.05). The amount of forward movement of upper first molars was significantly greater in the RPE/C group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Maxillary protraction with RPE/C might positively affect the forward movement of maxilla compared with the RPE alone protocol with the early treatment of maxillary retrusion patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Cephalometry , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Constriction , Extraoral Traction Appliances , Malocclusion, Angle Class III , Therapeutics , Maxilla , Molar , Palatal Expansion TechniqueABSTRACT
We investigated the transesterification of crude cottonseed oil with methyl acetate to biodiesel, by using Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435 as catalysts. Results showed that the biodiesel yield significantly increased with the addition of methanol into the reaction system, and the highest biodiesel yield of 91.83% was achieved with the optimum conditions as follows: n-hexane as solvent, molar ratio of methyl acetate to oil 9:1, 3% methanol based on the oil mass to inhibit the creation of acetic acid, 10% Lipozyme TL IM and 5% Novozym 435 as catalyst based on the oil mass, reaction temperature 55 degrees C and reaction time 8 h. Additionally, we explored the kinetics of lipase-catalyzed crude cottonseed oil to biodiesel, and proposed a kinetic model.