Research progress on natural killer cells in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia / 中国肿瘤临床

Natural killer (NK) cells are a component of the innate immune system. They have the ability to lyse tumor and viral infected cells, and play an important role in innate immunity and acquired immunity. As the characteristics and functions of NK cells have become more widely recognized, NK cells have been implemented as a clinical anti-tumor treatment, especially in the treatment of hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and lymphoma. NK cell-based immunotherapy currently includes autologous NK cell infusion, allogeneic NK cell infusion, and chimeric antigen modified NK (CAR-NK) cell infusion. NK cell-based immunotherapy aims to enhance the anti-tumor ability of NK cells and overcome tumor immune escape. With further research and development, NK cell therapy will become a powerful weapon for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

Effects of microRNA-424-5p on proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by regulating OTX1 / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation of the expression of microRNA-424-5p (miR-424-5p) and orthodenticle homeobox 1 (OTX1) gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue,and the effects of miR-424-5p on the proliferation,migration and invasion of CRC cells HCT116.Methods A total of 60 patients with CRC were collected from June 2017 to June 2018 in Department of Colorectal Surgery of Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University.Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-424-5p and OTX1 mRNA in 60 cases of CRC tissues,para-carcinoma tissues and CRC cell lines.The correlation between the expression of miR-424-5p and OTX1 gene was further analyzed.miR-NC (miR-NC group) and miR-424-5p-mimic (miR-424-5p-mimic group) were transfected into HCT116 cells.CCK-8 assay,scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the effects of miR-424-5p on the proliferation,migration and invasion of HCT116 cells.The effect of miR-424-5p on the expression of OTX1 protein was detected by Western blotting.The luciferase report assay was used to detect the influence of miR-424-5p on the luciferase activity of OTX1-3'UTR vector.Results The relative expressions of OTX1 mRNA in CRC tissues and para-carcinoma tissues were 1.049 ±0.446 and 0.639 ±0.178 (t =-6.583,P ＜0.001);and the relative expression of miR-424-5p in CRC tissues and para-carcinoma tissues were 0.865 ± 0.261 and 1.329 ± 0.387 (t =7.705,P ＜ 0.001),with statistically significant differences.Negative correlation was found between the expression of miR-424-5p and OTX1 mRNA in CRC tissues (r =-0.439,P =0.015).The absorbance values of HCT116 cells transfected with miR-424-5p-mimic were 0.813 ± 0.064,0.960 ± 0.098,1.287 ± 0.192 on 72,96 and 120 hours respectively,and those of HCT116 cells transfected with miR-NC were 1.163 ±0.158,1.645 ±0.117 and 2.043 ±0.236.The proliferation ability of miR-424-5p-mimic group was lower than that of miR-NC group and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t =3.538,P =0.024;t =7.778,P =0.001;t =4.257,P =0.013).The scratch assay showed that the migration of HCT116 cells in miR-424-5p-mimic group was inhibited as compared with miR-NC group.The numbers of cells permeating septum of miR-NC and miR-424-5p-mimic group were 177.104 ± 17.834 and 35.667 ± 13.634,and the difference was statistically significant (t =15.246,P ＜ 0.001).The relative expressions of OTX1 protein in miR-NC and miR-424-5p-mimic group were 0.862 ±0.121 and 0.342 ±0.103 respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t =16.286,P ＜ 0.001).Luciferase report assay showed that the luciferase activities of wt-OTX1-3'UTR and mut-OTX1-3'UTR vector were 0.305 ± 0.095 and 0.898 ± 0.080 after over expression of miR-424-5p,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The expressions of miR-424-5p and OTX1 mRNA are negatively correlated in CRC tissue.miR-424-5p can inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of CRC cells by down-regulating the expression of OTX1.

Consistency of ALK Ventana-D5F3 immunohistochemistry interpretation in lung adenocarcinoma among Chinese histopathologists / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To understand the consistency of ALK Ventana-D5F3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) interpretation in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma among histopathologists from different hospitals, and to recommend solution for the problems found during the interpretation of ALK IHC in real world, with the aim of the precise selection of patients who can benefit from ALK targeted therapy.@*Methods@#This was a multicenter and retrospective study. A total of 109 lung adenocarcinoma cases with ALK Ventana-D5F3 IHC staining were collected from 31 lung cancer centers in RATICAL research group from January to June in 2018. All cases were scanned into digital imaging with Ventana iSCANcoreo Digital Slide Scanning System and scored by 31 histopathologists from different centers according to ALK binary (positive or negative) interpretation based on its manufacturer′s protocol. The cases with high inconsistency rate were further analyzed using FISH/RT-PCR/NGS.@*Results@#There were 49 ALK positive cases and 60 ALK negative cases, confirmed by re-evaluation by the specialist panel. Two cases (No. 2302 and No.2701) scored as positive by local hospitals were rescored as negative, and were confirmed to be negative by RT-PCR/FISH/NGS. The false interpretation rate of these two cases was 58.1% (18/31) and 48.4% (15/31), respectively. Six out of 31 (19.4%) pathologists got 100% accuracy. The minimum consistency between every two pathologists was 75.8%.At least one pathologist gave negative judgement (false negative) or positive judgement (false positive) in the 49 positive or 60 negative cases, accounted for 26.5% (13/49), 41.7% (25/60), respectively, with at least one uncertainty interpretation accounted for 31.2% (34/109).@*Conclusion@#There are certain heterogeneities and misclassifications in the real world interpretation of ALK-D5F3 IHC test, which need to be guided by the oncoming expert consensus based on the real world data.

Influence of Different Therapies on EGFR Mutants by Circulating Cell-free DNA of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Prognosis / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation is closely related to the EGFR-TKI target treatment and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. The mutation status of EGFR is limited by tissue detection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of EGFR mutants in plasmacirculating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) obtained from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in three groups: pre-therapy, after traditional chemotherapy and targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the plasma cfDNA could effectively determine the EGFR mutations and monitor the drug resistant gene T790M, as well as its prognostic prediction value in patients with targeted therapy.@*METHODS@#ARMS (amplification refractory mutation system)-PCR was used to detect EGFR mutations in 107 (50 of pre-therapy, 29 after traditional chemotherapy and 28 after targeted therapy) cases of paired plasma and tumor tissue specimens, followed by comparing their concordance. The sensitivity, specificity and the prognostic value of plasma cfDNA detection were also observed.@*RESULTS@#The total rate of EGFR mutation was 56% (60/107) in all plasma samples and 77.6% (83/107) in corresponding tumor tissues. Completely the same mutants and wild-type EGFR were found in 68.2% cases of paired specimens. The sensitivity of plasma cfDNA detection was 72.3% and the specificity was up to 100%. Patients were sub-categorized according to therapy. The results showed that the highest consistent rate of cfDNA and tumor tissues was found in the group of pre-therapy (74%, 37/50). Whereas, the lowest consistent rate was observed in the targeted therapy group (57.1%, 16/28). It indicated that the targeted treatment could change the EGFR status in plasma cfDNA. Further analyses on inconsistent cases in this group revealed that 50% of them were compound EGFR mutations with T790M. Thereby, it suggested that targeted therapy might induce the emergence of drug resistance gene T790M. This speculation was confirmed by survival analyses. Based on plasma cfDNA results, patients with T790M mutant had significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).@*CONCLUSIONS@#For EGFR testing, ARMS-PCR on plasma cfDNA is a promising methodology with the highest specificity and effective sensitivity. It is useful for EGFR testing in patients before treatment, especially the late-stage patients. Simultaneously, plasma cfDNA could be used to monitor the drug resistant mutation, T790M status and predict prognosis after targeted therapy.

Comparison of the application among intensity-modulated radiotherapy, 3D-conformal radiotherapy and conventional radiotherapy for locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the application among intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT) and conventional radiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer.@*METHODS@#From January 2015 to December 2016, 93 locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer patients with clinical stage cT3N+M0 or cT4N0/+M0 who underwent preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy at Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and had complete data were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into IMRT group (17 cases), 3D-CRT group (28 cases) and CRT group (48 cases) according to different radiotherapy methods. The frequency and dose of CRT were 1 time/day, 5 times/week, for a total of 5 weeks, with a single dose of 2.0 Gy, the total dose was 50 Gy. Frequency and dose of 3D-CRT and IMRT were 1 time/day, 5 times/week, for a total of 23 to 28 times, with a single dose of 1.8 to 2.0 Gy, and a total dose of 45.0 to 50.4 Gy. The chemotherapy regimen was performed with capecitabine tablets at a dose of 825 mg/m twice a day for 5 days every week, at the same time during radiotherapy. The efficacy, chemotherapy adverse reactions and immune function of the three groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the baseline data among the three groups (all P>0.05). The proportion of patients receiving permanent ostomy in the IMRT group and the 3D-CRT group was 29.4%(5/17) and 32.1%(9/28) respectively, which was lower than 58.3%(28/48) in CRT group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=7.982, P=0.030), while this proportion was not significantly different between IMRT and 3D-CRT group(χ²=0.037, P=0.848). The pathologic complete response(pCR) rate was 23.7%(22/93) in the whole study, and the pCR rate was 39.3%(11/28) in the 3D-CRT group, which was higher than that of CRT group and IMRT group [12.5%(6/48) and 29.4%(5/17)], and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=7.407, P=0.025), while there was no significant difference in pCR rate between CRT group and IMRT group (χ²=2.554, P=0.110). There was no adverse reaction of grade 3 or above in all three groups. No significant difference in the incidence of bone marrow suppression, abnormal liver and kidney function markers, digestive tract reaction or radiation dermatitis was found(all P>0.05). After receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the proportion of CD3/CD4 cells in the IMRT group and the CRT group decreased compared with that before treatment(23.1±9.3 vs. 31.1±10.9, 27.4±10.7 vs. 33.6±7.2, respectively); the proportion of CD3/CD8 cells was up-regulated (36.1±15.2 vs. 24.8±10.9, 30.9±14.4 vs. 24.0±8.3,respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (both P0.05). After treatment, the proportion of CD4/CD8 cells in IMRT group decreased (0.8±0.6 vs. 1.6±1.0, t=3.838, P=0.003), while this proportion was not significantly different in CRT group and 3D-CRT group(all P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#IMRT and 3D-CRT can reduce the rate of permanent stoma. 3D-CRT can increase pCR rate. No obvious advantage is shown in IMRT as compared with 3D-CRT in the short-term efficacy. On the contrary, an immunosuppressive status may occur. Therefore, 3D-CRT is recommended as the best preoperative treatment strategy for patients with locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer, especially for those with immunosuppression status.

A clinicopathological analysis of 160 cases of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and to improve its early diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis of 160 cases of adult LCH from pathology department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 1992 to December 2013 were performed, and their clinical features were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 160 cases, there were 110 male and 50 female, the male to female ratio was 2.2:1. The mean age was 35(18-73) years. There were total 222 lesion sites, including 172(77.5%) osteal lesions, followed by 13(5.8%) lymph nodes and 8(3.6%) oral cavity lesions. The other involved organs were skin(5, 2.2%), liver(5, 2.2%), fossa orbitalis(4, 1.8%), lungs(4, 1.8%), sternoclavicular joint(3, 1.4%), gastrointestinal(2, 0.9%), ear(2, 0.9%), and thyroid (2, 0.9%), adrenal gland (1, 0.5%) and sublingual gland (1, 0.5%). Of 160 cases, 150 (93.8%) had one organ involved while 10 (6.2%) had two or more organs involved. Clinically, 77 cases (48.1%) were misdiagnosed as bone tumors (28 cases, including giant cell tumor, fibrous dysplasia, chondroblastoma, osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma), bone tuberculosis (13 cases), meningioma(9 cases), bone cysts (5 cases), chronic osteomyelitis (5 cases) and diabetes insipidus (5 cases) , skin (4 cases) diseases malignant lymphoma (4 cases), chronic skin ulcers (4 cases), chronic otitis media (1 case), lung (1 case) and oral cancer (1 case).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In this group of the adult cases, the ratio of the male patients is higher. Adult LCH occurs predominantly in bone and presents mainly as unisystem single-focal disease, but multi-organ lesion and skin involvement are lower than that reported in the literatures. Just as LCH in children, adult LCH is also easy to be misdiagnosed. We should raise awareness of the disease and pathological examination is helpful for early diagnosis.</p>

Detection ofN-myc andALK abnormality in and clinicopathological analyses of 83 cases of neuroblastoma / 临床儿科杂志

ObjectivesTo retrospectively analyze the clinicopathological features of neuroblastoma (NB) and investigate the signiifcance of abnormality ofN-myc and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene copy number change as well asALKmu-tations in NB.Methods Eighty-three NB patients were collected and classiifed into different subgroups according to the clinical stage and histology. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to detect the abnormalities ofN-mycandALK genes. The extracted DNA was ampliifed by PCR and sequenced to investigate the point mutations of theALK gene. Follow-up data were collected and survival analysis was performed.ResultsFISH detection showed that the aberration ofN-mycgene copy number presented as gain and ampliifcation. The aberration ofALK gene presented as point mutation and gain. It was shown that 17 cases had the abnormality of bothN-myc andALK gene. Survival analysis showed that the prognostic factors included the clinical stage, age and abnormality ofN-myc genes.ConclusionDetection ofN-myc andALK abnormality in NB would be helpful for evaluating the prognosis and providing theoretical basis forALK target therapy.

Clinicopathological features of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a retrospective analysis of 64 cases / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinicopathological features of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (P-NENs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2006 to December 2010, 64 patients with P-NENs were diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Immunohistochemical staining of neuroendocrine markers, synaptophysin (Syn) and chromogranin A (CgA), were first made to determine whether the tumor had neuroendocrine properties, then the P-NENs were classified as neuroendocrine tumor (NET), neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC, G3) according to the morphological changes and proliferative activity (Ki 67 expression).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all the 64 cases detected, 60 were NETs and four were NEC. Most of the tumors were single solitary masses, and more than half of the tumors arose in the head of the pancreas, while about one third in the tail. The positive rates of CgA and Syn immunostaining were 96.9% and 95.3%, respectively. The tumor stages of the 64 patients were as follows: stage I, 44 cases; stage II, 11 cases; stage III, one case; and stage IV, 8 cases. The median age of patients in the study was 45.56 years. Of all the P-NENs, 38 cases were functional ones, presenting with characteristic clinical syndrome owing to hormone hypersecretion, while 26 cases were nonfunctional ones with no distinct clinical syndrome. 58 patients underwent surgical operation. The 5-year progression-free survival rate was 91.4%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>P-NENs may occur anywhere in the pancreas, and the clinical manifestations may not be easy to distinguish from other diseases. Diagnosis depends on pathological examination. Surgery is the major approach option, and the clinical prognosis is rather good. The tumor histological grade and distant metastasis are independent prognostic factors in P-NENs.</p>

Effect of TRAIL on NB4 and K562 cell lines and its relationship with TRAIL receptors expression / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the effect of TRAIL on NB4 and K562 cell lines, and its relationship with TRAIL releptors.Methods Jurkat cells were used as positive control,NB4 and K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of TRAIL. Cell morphologic changes were monitored. The cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. The expression of TRAIL receptor were determined by flow cytometry.Results MTT assay showed that TRAIL inhibited the growth of NB4 and Jurkat cells in vitro in a dose-and time-dependent manner,but the effect of TRAIL on Jurkat cells was stronger than that on NB4 cells.However, the growth of K562 was not inhibited. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that DR4,DR5 and DcR1 were expressed higher in NB4 and K562 cells, but the levels of DR4 and DcR1 were very low in K562 cells.DR5 was expressed in Jurakat cells with low level. No DcR2 was detected on the surface of all the three cell lines.Conclusion NB4 cell line is moderately sensitive to TRAIL,and K562 cell line is resistant to TRAIL.The sensitivity of NB4 cells to TRAIL may be associated with the expression of DcR1, but the sensitivity of K562 cells have nothing to do with the expression of TRAIL receptors.

The incidence and clinical characteristics of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm in Chengdu City in 2010 / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN) in Chengdu City in 2010 and summarize clinical characteristics of GEP-NEN.Methods The incidence of GEP-NEN was estimated with the data in 2010 from the databases of West China Hospital and Chengdu Health Information Centre.Results A total of 77 cases of GEP-NEN were diagnosed in West China Hospital in 2010.Ten cases from other hospitals or non-Chengdu citizenship were excluded,so a total of 67 cases were included in this study.In 2010,the incidence of GEP-NEN was 1.86/105 in Chengdu City.Among 67 GEP-NEN cases,most lesions were located in pancreas and rectum (38 cases,56.7％),followed by stomach (10 cases),esophagus (seven cases) and duodenum (four cases).Among 57 GEP-NEN cases which had pathotogial grading,26 cases (45.6 ％) had neuroendocrine carcinomas or mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas when diagnosed.Conclusions In 2010,the incidence of GEP-NEN in Chengdu City is similar to the reports from other countries.Pancreas,rectum and upper gastrointestinal tract are predilection sites of GEP-NEN.The diagnosis rate of early GEP NEN needs to be raised.

Squential treatment of extrahepatic bile duct calculus using the technique of three-endoscope-combination in one anesthetic session / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective A retrospective study to evaluate the feasibility of the sequential treatment of extrahepatic bile duct calculus and acute gallstone pancreatitis using the technique of combination of duodenoscope, laparoscope and choledochoscope in one anesthetic session. Methods 112 patients with extrahepatic bile duct calculus (including 23 patients associated with acute gallstone pancreatitis) were treated using this technique. The data were analyzed. Results The technique was successfully carried out in 102 patients but 10 patients had to be treated by conventional open operation.For the patients treated by this technique, 16 patients were treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) plus choledochotomy. The stones were removed through a choledochoscope, and the bile duct was drained by a T-tube (LCTD). 18 patients were treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The choledocholiths were removed by a choledochoscope through the cystic duct. 22 patients were treated by choledochotomy, and the calculus was removed through a choledochoscope and the bile duct was primarily sutured. 46 patients were treated by endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) plus LC, choledochotomy. The calculi were through a choledochoscope and followed by primary suture of the bile duct. The mean time of endoscopic treatment, LC and postoperative hospital day were 35 min, 110 min and 6.5 d respectively. None of the 102 patients died after operation. 9 patients developed complications of ERCP or EST including acute pancreatitis (n=6), hemorrhage of papilla duodeni (n=2) and duodenal perforation (n= 1). 11 patients developed biliary fistula after primary suturing of the choledochus and they recovered with drainage; 2 patients developed residual or recurrent biliary fistula after the T tube was removed and they recovered after drainage via a [aparoscope. During follow-up for 1 to 3 years using ultrasonic or MRCP examinations, 3 cases of stones were found and they were removed by EST. There was no stenosis of common bile duct. Conclusions Our results suggested that the three-endoscope-combination in one anesthetic session for the treatment of extrahepatic bile duct calculi and acute gallstone pancreatitis was safe and efficacious. Moreover, this technique reduced the complications of EST. This technique increased the success rate using minimal invasive surgery.

Effect of limited fluid resuscitation on lung injury in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective: To compare the effects of traditional and limited resuscitation on mediators of inflammation and the lung injury in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Seventy-two male Spra-gue-Dawley rats were challenged with hemorrhage followed by unresuscitation or resuscitation with 6 mL/kg blood withdrawl and lactated Ringer's solution of 45 mL/(kg · h) ,30 mL/(kg · h) or 15 mL/ (kg · h). Rats were sacrificed at 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs, respectively. Blood was withdrowed for testing plasma levels of lactic acid and TNF-α. Lungs were harvested for observation of the ratio of wet/dry weight and histology. Results: The unresuscitation group were dead within 2 ～ 12 hrs, while the resuscitation groups were survival. The MAP of group 15 mL/(kg · h) increased slowly, but the MAP of 30 and 45 mL/(kg · h) groups increased rapidly. The plasma levels of TNF-α at 24 and 72 hrs and the lactic acid at 24 hrs in group 45 mL/(kg · h) were higher than that of group 15 and 30 mL/(kg · h) (P < 0. 05). The ratio of W/D weight of lungs at 48 and 72 hrs in group 15 mL/(kg · h) was lower than that of group 45 and 30 mL/(kg · h)(P<0.05). The lung injury was alleviated in pace with the time elapsing. The lung injury was more severe in group 45 mL/(kg · h) than the other two groups in 24, 48 and 72 hrs(P <0. 05). Conclusion: Limited fluid resuscitation could decrease the plasma levels of TNF-α and lactic acid,and attenuate the lung injury.

Glutamin attenuates tumor necrosis factor-α release in lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolar type Ⅱepithelial cells / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the role of glutathione (GSH) synthesis in the regulation of Glutamine (Gin) on TNF-α release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells (AEC Ⅱ). Method Primary cultured AECⅡ were divided into six groups, including control, 10.0 mmol/L Gln, 1 μg/mL LPS and LPS+(0.5, 2.0 and 10.0 mmol/L) Gln. In another set of experiments, AECⅡ were divided into six groups including 1 μg/mL LPS, LPS+10.0 mmol/L Gln, LPS+100 μmol/L L-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine (BSO), LPS+Gln+(1,10 and 100 μmol/L) BSO. Each group had three samples. BSO and Gln were added at 8 hours before LPS challenge. After 24 hours of LPS stimulation, cells were obtained for GSH measurement by 5, 5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) method. TNF-α level in the supematant was determined by enzyme-hnked immunesorbent assay (ELISA). ANOVA (LSD-t test) was used for statistical analysis. Results Supple-mentation of Gin increased the GSH level and attenuated TNF-α release in LPS-stimulated AEC Ⅱ in a dose-depen-dam manner. GSH level increased from (50.69±3.04) pmol/mg cell (LPS group) to (126.74±7.13) pmol/mg cell (LPS+10.0 mmol/L group) (P<0.01) and TNF-α level decreased from (1104.5±48.8) pg/mL (LPS group) to (329.67±48.27) pg/mL (LPS+10.0 mmol/L group) (P<0.01). BSO, an GSH synthesis blocker, at doses greater than 10 μmol/L reversed the effect of Gin significantly (P<0.01). Conclusions As a precursor ofGSH, glutsmine could attenuate TNT-α release in LPS-stimulated AECⅡ,and the with may be mediated via GSH synthesis.

Clinical analysis of 13 cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in the nose / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To better understand the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of nose and make correct decision for diagnosis and treatment.@*METHOD@#Thirteen patients with rhabdomyosarcoma in the nose were studied retrospectively and the related literature was reviewed.@*RESULT@#Male predilection for the disease was present. One patient was in stage I, four patients were in stage II, seven patients were in stage III and one patients was in stage IV. Nine patients were operated plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy, one was operated together with radiotherapy, one was treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy and the other two were treated by operation alone. The survival rate of two years was 69.2% (9/13), survival rate of 3 years was 30.8% (5/13).@*CONCLUSION@#The pathological growth form of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in nose is often convert. If the diagnosis are under suspicion, pathological or immunohistochemical examination should be taken in time. Early diagnosis and combined therapy will make contribution to better prognosis. Surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the survival rate.

Glutamine transporters expressed in hepatocyte plasma membrane / 肠外与肠内营养

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in mammalian plasma and involved in the metabolism and tissue homeostasis of some important substance under physiological and pathological situations.Function of glutamine should be based on its transport into or out of the functional cells via transporters located in cytomembrane.As the liver is the primary center of amino acids homeostasis in the body,it is helpful to learn structure and function of those transporters in hepatic plasma membrane to having a better understanding of the metabolism and function of glutamine.