ABSTRACT
Objective To test and validate the comprehensiveness,usability and reliability of the questionnaire we made for publicity efforts of biobanking activities in China.We aim to learn public attitudes toward biobanking donation of biological materials,collection and long-term storage for biomedical research.Methods In the cross-sectional study,292 participants were interviewed with the self-administered questionnaire.The survey questionnaire presents an extensive battery of questions on demographic information,participation of previous studies,cognition of biobank and related concepts,opinions on biobank-related issues and trust on healthcare system.Different statistic methods were taken to do item analysis,reliability and validity evaluation.Results The Cronbach's α coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.850 and the cognition and attitude were the two factors with the highest internal reliability.All the Spearman correlation coefficients were large than 0.5 (p＜0.01) . Three factors explained 59.2％ of the questionnaire structure found by factor analysis,and all factors could be regarded as cognition factors,attitude factors and behaviors factors.Conclusions The survey questionnaire is evaluated to be reliable and applicable to gathering data on publicity efforts to assess the public attitude towards biobanking activities in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the comprehensive intervention methods among people with high-risk of AIDS ,and to evaluate the effects of the intervention to provide reference basis for the scientific prevention of AIDS .Methods The 1-year comprehensive intervention including the health education ,psychological and medical consultation ,and condom promotion was conducted among the commercial sex workers(CSW) and the injecting drug users(IDU) in the Xunyang district .The questionnaire survey was performed before and after the intervention ,and then the effects of intervention were evaluated .Results Through the comprehensive interven-tion ,the total awareness rate of the AIDS knowledge among CSW was increased from 70 .75% to 84 .75% (χ2 =22 .66 ,P<0 .01) while which among IDU was increased from 77 .25% to 88 .50% (χ2 =17 .84 ,P<0 .01) .The frequencies of using condoms with cli-ents ,spouse or boyfriend in recently one month were significantly increased (Z= -2 .73 ,P<0 .01 ,Z= -2 .02 ,P=0 .04) .The fre-quency of sharing needle in recently six months among IDU was significantly decreased (Z= -3 .67 ,P<0 .01) and the frequency of using condoms in recently one year among IDU was significantly increased (Z= -2 .96 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion The comprehensive intervention may effectively increase the awareness rate of the AIDS knowledge among CSW and IDU and change their dangerous behaviors possibly leading to AIDS transmission .
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Two hundred thirty-nine cases of hospital-acquired gram-negative bacillary pneumonia in elderly patients were reported.The diagnostic criteria of these cases were:(l)discharged from Jan.1,1982 to Dec.31,1988;(2)aged 60 or more;(3)onset of clinical manifestations of pneumonia was ≥72h after admission;(4)without preceding pulmonary infections before admission;(5)increased production of purulent sputum and/or fever,chest pain,productive cough,etc.;(6)infiltrate on chest roentgenologic examination or characteristic moist rales consistent in the absence of x-ray findings;(7)sputum culture positive for gramnegative bacilli.The morbidity rate was 2.56% (239/9318).The main underlying diseases of these cases were malignancies,blood dyscrasia,cerebrovascular accident and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.There were 88 cases (36.8%) received tracheotomy and/or artificial ventilation.The predominent pathogenic bacteria were Ps.aeruginosa E.coli and K.pneumoniae.Environmental bacterial flora surveillance showed about 75% of the staff members as well as patients' fingers,nostrils and sleeves carried Ps.aeruginosa,B.anitratum,S.aureus or epidtfrmitis.The prompt use of,antibiotics is important.A?-lactam antibiotic combined with an aminoglycoside is preferential.
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The clinical and laboratory data of 116 cases of severe hepatitis were evaluated by stepwise regression analysis, and the prognostic multiple regression discriminant equation of adult severe hepatitis was obtained. The formula is Y=0.0081X2+0.3039X3-0.2902X6-0.0219X9+0.1851X10+0.1628X12+0.2187X13+ 0.2403X14+0.3364X15-0.4619. It was found that the discriminant correspondence rate was 97.4% in retrospective evaluation. In prospective test for 53 cases of severe hepatitis the discriminant correspondence rate was 81%. The quantitative evaluation of prognosis in severe hepatitis is also discussed.