Advances on pathogenesis of acquired peritoneal ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis / 中华肾脏病杂志

Peritoneal ultrafiltration failure is a common reason for peritoneal dialysis (PD) withdrawal as well as mortality in PD patients. Based on the three-pore system, inter-cellular small pores and trans-cellular ultra-small pores (aquaporin-1) are mainly responsible for water transfer across the peritoneum. Both small and ultra-small pores-dependent water (free water) transport decline accompanied with time on PD, with more significant decrease in free water, resulting in peritoneal ultrafiltration failure. The reduction of free water transport is associated with fast peritoneal solute transfer, reduced crystalloid osmotic gradient due to increased interstitial glucose absorption, and declined osmotic conductance to glucose resulted from impaired aquaporin-1 function and peritoneal interstitial fibrosis. The decline of small pore-based water is mainly because of fast loss of crystalloid osmotic gradient, decrease of hydrostatic pressure mediated by peritoneal vasculopathy, as well as reduced absolute number of small pores. The current review discusses the advance on pathogenesis of acquired peritoneal ultrafiltration failure in long-term PD.

Clinical analysis of extraction methods of impacted mandibular third molars 486 cases report / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the indication of turbine technique or hammer and chisel technique removral of impacted mandibular third molars.Methods 486 impacted mandibular third molars patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups.One group received turbine technigue of 199 cases.while another group received hammer and chisel technique of 287 cases.Both the duration of operation and complications were compared.Results The average duration of the operation with turbine technique was(10 ～ 45)min,while with hammer and chisel technique was(12 ～ 90)min,respectively(P ＜ 0.05)in the removal of impacted mandibalar third molars.there were significant differences between two groups.The standardized rate of complication with tubine tehnique was 28.8％,while with hammer and clisel technique was 55.1％ in the remoral of impacted mandibular third molars.Conclusion Extraction of impacted mandi-bular third molars with air turbine hand piece could reduce complication during operation,and risperidone showed better results.It is worth for clinical use.