ABSTRACT
Sperm morphology was once believed as one of the most predictive indicators of pregnancy outcome in assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, the impact of teratozoospermia on in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes and its offspring remains inconclusive. In order to evaluate the influence of teratozoospermia on pregnancy outcome and newborn status after IVF and ICSI, a retrospective study was conducted. This was a matched case-control study that included 2202 IVF cycles and 2574 ICSI cycles and was conducted at the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya in Changsha, China, from June 2013 to June 2018. Patients were divided into two groups based on sperm morphology: teratozoospermia and normal sperm group. The pregnancy outcome and newborn outcome were analyzed. The results indicated that couples with teratozoospermia had a significantly lower optimal embryo rate compared to those with normal sperm morphology in IVF (P = 0.007), while there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the fertilization rate, cleavage rate, implantation rate, and pregnancy rate (all P > 0.05). Additionally, teratozoospermia was associated with lower infant birth weight in multiple births after IVF. With regard to ICSI, there was no significant difference in both pregnancy outcome and newborn outcome between the teratozoospermia and normal groups (both P > 0.05). Furthermore, no increase in the risk of birth defects occurred in the teratozoospermia group after IVF/ICSI. Consequently, we believe that teratozoospermia has limited predictive value for pregnancy outcomes in IVF/ICSI, and has little impact on the resulting offspring if multiple pregnancy is avoided.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Facial Paralysis/therapy , Mind-Body Therapies , Postoperative Period , TendonsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore influence of oxidative stress reaction on apoptosis rate and expression of apoptosis-related genes bax and bcl-2 of enterocytes in severely burned rats with delayed resuscitation on the plateau.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty rats subjected to 30% TBSA full-thickness scald on the back were devided into plateau experimental group (PE, altitude 3840 m) and Lanzhou experimental group (LE, altitude 1517 m). Then LE and PE groups were subdivided into Lanzhou immediate fluid resuscitation group (LIFR, with immediate intraperitoneal injection of isotonic saline after scald, 40 mL/kg), Lanzhou delayed fluid resuscitation group [LDFR, with intraperitoneal injection of isotonic saline at 6 post scald hour (PSH), 40 mL/kg], and plateau immediate fluid resuscitation group (PIFR, with immediate intraperitoneal injection of isotonic saline after scald, 40 mL/kg), plateau delayed fluid resuscitation group (PDFR, with intraperitoneal injection of isotonic saline at 6 PSH, 40 mL/kg). Another 12 rats were divided into Lanzhou sham scald group (LS) and plateau sham scald group (PS), with 6 rats in each group. Rats in LS and PS groups were sham scalded in a water bath for 15 s without fluid infusion. Rats were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 PSH for collection of small intestine samples to determine the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA) and total hydrosulfide (TSH). The apoptosis of enterocytes was determined by TUNEL, and the expression of bax and bcl-2 in epithelial cells were observed by immunohistochemical method. Intestinal sample of LS and PS groups were collected to determine the contents of MDA and TSH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After being scalded, content of MDA in intestinal tissue of rats in LDFR group and PDFR group was respectively greater than that in LIFR group and PIFR group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Intestinal tissue content of MDA of rats in LDFR group (9.8 +/- 4.0 nmol/mg) and PDFR group (10.2 +/- 1.3 nmol/mg) was respectively greater than that in LIFR group (9.5 +/- 2.7 nmol/mg) and PIFR group (9.6 +/- 1.1 nmol/mg) (P < 0.05) at 24 PSH. After being scalded, intestinal content of TSH of rats in PE group and PDFR group was respectively smaller than that in LE group and LIFR group (P < 0.05). A multitude of brown positive apoptotic cells were observed in PDFR at 6 and 12 PSH. Absorbance values in LDFR group, PIFR group, and PDFR group were higher than that in LIFR group at each time point (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). A multitude of bax positive cells were observed in intestinal mucous membrane in PDFR at 6 and 12 PSH. Expression of bal-2 was negative in PE group, and LIFR and LDFR groups at 6, 12 PSH, and it was weakly positive in LIFR and LDFR groups at 24, 48, 72 PSH.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Enhancement of bax expression and weakening of bcl-2 expression in enterocytes are induced by the severe oxidative stress reaction in intestinal mucous membrane after burn with delayed resuscitation on the plateau, which may be one of the important reasons in inducing an increase in apoptosis of enterocytes.</p>