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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important type of active microvesicles. EVs encapsulate and transfer functional substances such as miRNAs, transcription factors and proteins, which are important vectors for cell communication and organ dialogue. In recent years, studies have shown that quite a number of Chinese medicinal herbs have the pharmacological effect of regulating EVs, and play a unique trans-organ and remote role in the treatment of diseases. Some Chinese medicinal herbs also contain plant-derived EVs themselves, which can be directly involved in the treatment of diseases. As one of the core theories of raditional Chinese medicines (TCM), Qi plays a variety of important roles in the physiological and pathological processes of human body and pharmacology. However, the scientific connotation of Qi′s role and the potential material carrier are still unclear. The latest research suggests that the effect of EVs is potentially related to that of Qi. Therefore, this paper reviews the effect of Qi nourishing Chinese medicinal herbs in regulating EVs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, nervous system diseases, liver diseases, renal diseases, malignant tumors and other diseases in recent years. EVs may play an important role in the pharmacological effect of some Chinese medicinal herbs in the treatment of diseases as an intermediary substance. EVs have the characteristics of long-distance transportation, which is consistent with the movement of Qi in TCM. EVs carry a variety of functional molecules, which is consistent with the function of Qi. As the potential material basis of Qi in TCM, the function of EVs is worth further study.
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·AIM: To compare intervention effects on myopic children between three groups including orthokeratology combined with visual training ( OCVT), orthokeratology (ortho-k), and single vision spectacle lense (SVL). ·METHODS: A prospective, non-randomized, case-control study was performed from September to October 2016. One hundred and twenty myopic children were enrolled from the Shaanxi Eye Research Institute and divided into three groups, which consists of 37 in OCVT group, 43 in ortho-k group and 40 in SVL group. The changes of uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ), axial length ( AL ) and spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) before and after 1a intervention were compared between the three groups. ·RESULTS: A total of 103 children completed the study, 31 in OCVT group, 37 in ortho-k group, 35 in SVL group. The changes before and after intervention of UCVA, AL, SER were significant differences between the three groups separately ( P < 0. 01 ). Furthermore, the improvement effect of each parameter in the SVL group was worse than that in the OCVT group and the ortho-k group (P<0. 05). Although the improvement effect in the OCVT group was slightly better than the ortho-k group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). After 1a intervention, UCVA was greatly improved ( P<0.05), SER was reduced (P<0. 05), but AL was not significantly changed ( P>0. 05 ) in the OCVT group. In ortho-k group, UCVA was improved, SER was reduced, and AL increased significantly ( all P< 0. 05 ). UCVA decreased, as well as AL and SER increased significantly in the SVL group (all P<0. 05). ·CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology combined with visual training has a good control effect on myopic children, but the timing, method, time length and frequency of visual training still need further study.
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?AIM: To explore the effects of “one week with one case” teaching method with college - enterprise cooperation in the theoretical classes of contact lens courses, which provide the basis for teaching reform.?METHODS: Fifty-six students in optometry major of Grade 2012 from Xi’an Medical College were divided into 2 groups randomly. The experimental group of 28 students used “one week with one case” teaching method with college-enterprise cooperation; the control group of 28 people used traditional “one week with one case”teaching method. The examination scores and questionnaire were used to evaluate the teaching effects.?RESULTS:The students of experimental group acquired higher test scores in short-answer questions and the case analysis questions compared with students of control group (P<0. 05). The questionnaire survey showed the“one week with one case” teaching method with college-enterprise cooperation acquired higher scores in 6 items which include the intensity of learning interest, information acquisition ability, team cooperation ability, communication skills, oral communication ability and the satisfaction of teaching method (P<0. 05). Four items included participation, preparation, communication ability and team spirit of experimental group students were significantly superior to those of the control group students (P<0. 05).?CONCLUSION:“One week with one case” teaching method with college-enterprise cooperation can improve comprehensive ability of students. It is an effective teaching method with the characteristics of the contact lens courses.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between the levels of erythropoietin (EPO) in serum and brain injury in preterm infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and four preterm infants (gestational age: 28-34 weeks) born between October 2014 and September 2015 were enrolled in this study. Brain injury was diagnosed using cerebral ultrasound and MRI. The levels of EPO, S100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in serum were detected using ELISA. To compare the incidence of brain injury in different serum EPO levels in preterm infants, and the relationship between brain injury and serum EPO levels was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence rate of brain injury in preterm infants was 41.1% (125/304). The incidence rate of brain injury in the low EPO level group was significantly higher than that in the middle-high EPO level groups (P<0.01). The serum levels of S100 protein, NSE, and MBP in the brain injury groups were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). The serum EPO levels were negatively correlated with serum S100 protein concentration and NSE levels (P<0.05). According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, low gestational age, low birth weight, asphyxia, prolonged mechanical ventilation, anemia and low serum EPO levels were the risk factor for brain injury in preterm infants.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is a higher incidence rate of brain injury in preterm infants with lower serum EPO levels. The serum EPO levels may be correlated with brain injury in preterm infants.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Brain Injuries , Blood , Epidemiology , Erythropoietin , Blood , Infant, Premature , Blood , Myelin Basic Protein , BloodABSTRACT
Abstract?AlM: To proposed control measures by exploring visual fatigue caused by college students wearing inappropriate glasses.?METHODS:A total of 124 cases of asthenopia patients underwent optometry students audition, checked the original spectacles;TOPCON-CL100 computer center was used to checked the original mirror glasses ( glasses, the distance between the optical center);with near vision as the standard examination table nearly with vergence and regulation near point, and checked the visual function.?RESULTS: All 124 cases ( 248 eyes ) had refractive errors, 77% were spherical mirror and 69% column mirror with error≧±0. 50D, and the pupil center distance from the lens had significant difference ( U= 5. 27, P<0. 01), 87% of the lens away from the heart for more than 2mm, 62% of mainly due to visual fatigue had glasses inappropriate.? CONCLUSlON: Students wearing inappropriate spectacle asthenopia is caused by one of the main scientific wearing glasses can effectively control asthenopia.
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This paper aimed to study the effect nitrogen supplying on biomass accumulation and root respiration dynamic change of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and reveal the metabolic pathway of root respiration impact the biomass accumulating of G. uralensis. Six groups of one-year-old G. uralensis were fertilized with total nutrition containing various nitrogen concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 mmol x L(-1)) every week. At the end of every month, from June to October, the volume respiration rate and biomass of different classes of root samples were determined, and the correlation between root respiration and biomass was analyzed. The results indicated a negative correlation between volume respiration rate and biomass, nitrogen supply significantly affected both root respiration and biomass of G. uralensis by reducing root respiration and increasing root biomass. Under 8 mmol x L(-1) nitrogen supplying, there existed the optimal inhibition of root respiration, which has increased biomass of G. uralensis.