ABSTRACT
Objective: Diabetic cardiomyopathy [DCM] is characterized as a coronary heart disease which expands during diabetes due to alterations in the myocardial function and structure. The currentstudy intends to elucidate the protective effect of gingerol on DCM in a streptozotocin [STZ]-induced diabetes mellitus [DM] rat model
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the animals were divided into three groups: normal control, DM control, and DM+gingerol [10 mg/kg]. The body weights of all rats were estimated at regular intervals. The myocardial profile, oxidative stress, and activities of metabolic enzymes were also scrutinized. The proinflammatory cytokine levels together with cellular protein expression connected with apoptosis were estimated via Western blot analysis
Results: The rats that suffered from DCM exhibited abnormal levels of myocardial markers, aberrant metabolic enzymatic activity, elevated concentrations of inflammatory factors, and enhanced oxidative stress parameters along with increased cell death apoptosis. Whereas gingerol showed protective effects on the treated rats by an improved antioxidant defense system
Conclusion: The current findings suggested that gingerol is effective in the treatment of DCM by inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the risk factors of white matter lesions (WMLs), especially on the correlation of WMLs incidence with those well known risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia and smoking). Methods Four hundred and seventeen consecutive inpatients in Neurology Department of our hospital were enrolled who had undergone brain MRI. Detailed clinical history, relevant data and the Fazekas scores of WMLs were collected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors. Results Age (P=0.000), homocysteine level (P=0.010), grade of hypertension (P=0.007), patients with diabetes for less than 10 years (P=0.033) and smoking more than 40 years (P=0.003) were correlated with WMLs. In the group of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, the independent risk factors of WMLs are Age (P=0.006), smoking (P=0.000) and grade of hypertension (P=0.028). Conclusions Age, homocysteine level and grade of hypertension are independently correlated with WMLs. Age, smoking and grade of hypertension are the independent risk factors for the patients with WMLs and ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The immunomodulatory effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) have been described as bimodal. High concentration of GCs exerts immunosuppressive effects and low levels of GCs are immunopermissive. While the immunosuppressive mechanisms of GCs have been investigated intensely, the immunopermissive effects of GCs remain unclear. A lot of studies showed GCs could exert rapid non-genomic actions. We herein studied the rapid immunopromoting effects of GCs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We observed the rapid (within 30 minutes) effects of corticosterone on respiratory burst of mouse peritoneal macrophages and studied their mechanisms. The superoxide anions were measured by cytochrome C reduction assay. Protein kinase C phosphorylation was measured by Western blotting and membrane fluidity was evaluated by fluorescence polarization measurement.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 10(-8) mol/L and 10(-7) mol/L corticosterone rapidly increased the superoxide anions production by macrophages, which were insensitive to GC-receptor antagonist, mifepristone, and protein-synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. Corticosterone coupled to bovine serum albumin was able to mimic the effects of corticosterone. The effects were independent of protein kinase C pathway and the change in membrane fluidity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results indicate that corticosterone rapidly promote the superoxide anions production by mouse peritoneal macrophages may through non-genomic mechanisms. This study may contribute to understanding the effects of GCs under stress condition and the physiological significance of nongenomic effects of GCs.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Corticosterone , Pharmacology , Macrophages, Peritoneal , Physiology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Respiratory Burst , Superoxides , MetabolismABSTRACT
To increase the productivity and yield of recombinant protein in continual perfusion processing, Every amino acid consumption rate in continual perfusion culture of engineering CHO cell line which expressed recombinant TNFRp75: Fc fusion protein were analyzed. Then rational amino acids were accordingly added to improve its comprehensive utilizing. At the same time, glucose supply was controlled to make the concentration of glucose below 0.5 g/L for ameliorating the toxicity of lactate accumulation in order to decrease the perfusion rate. The result showed that the productivity of recombinant protein was 3.1 times (388mg/L) and the total yield was 4. 7 times (244. 4g) that of control cultures after nutrient compensation and metabolism control in 30 liter working volume, and the fermentation period was prolonged one week longer. The sialic acid content and bioactivity in vitro of recombinant TNFRp75: Fc were not changed after nutrient compensation and glucose control supply. Nutrient compensating and metabolic control in continual perfusion fermentation could significantly increase the productivity and yield of recombinant TNFRp75:Fc, and thus reduced relative industrialization costs.