Distributive characteristics of HBV DNA CpG islands in HBsAg positive mothers and its relationship with intrauterine transmission / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the type, length, and CG loci of HBV DNA CpG islands in HBsAg positive maternal C genotype and its relationship with intrauterine HBV transmission, so as to provide a new perspective for the study of intrauterine transmission of HBV. Methods: From June 2011 to July 2013, HBsAg-positive mothers and their newborns who delivered in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan were collected. Epidemiological data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires and electronic medical records. Serum HBV markers and serum HBV DNA were detected by electrochemiluminescence and quantitative fluorescence PCR, respectively. Intrauterine transmission of HBV was determined by positive HBsAg and/or HBV DNA in femoral venous blood before injection of HBV vaccine/Hepatitis B immunoglobulin within 24 h of birth. A total of 22 mothers and their newborns with HBV DNA load ≥106 IU/ml in intrauterine transmission were selected as the intrauterine transmission group, and 22 mothers with HBV DNA load ≥106 IU/ml without intrauterine transmission were chosen as the control group by random seed method. The distribution prediction of CpG islands of HBV DNA in 39 mothers with genotype C by HBV DNA sequencing was analyzed. Results: Among 39 mothers with HBV C genotype, 19 were in the intrauterine transmission group, and 20 were in the control group. The HBV DNA of 39 patients with genotype C traditional CpG island Ⅱ and Ⅲ, while the control group had traditional CpG island Ⅰ and novel CpG island Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The length of CpG island Ⅱ and Ⅲ and the number of CG loci of CpG island Ⅱ in the intrauterine transmission group differed from those in the control group (P<0.05). The CpG island Ⅱ length ≥518 bp and the number of CG loci ≥40 in the intrauterine transmission group (11/19) were significantly higher than those in the control group (2/20) (P<0.05). The length of CpG island Ⅱ and the number of CG loci in the X gene promoter region (Xp region) were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the HBV intrauterine transmission group, most of maternal (12/19) HBV DNA CpG island Ⅱ completely covered the Xp region, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (5/20), and the number of HBV DNA Xp region CG loci was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The distribution of maternal C genotype HBV DNA CpG islands is related to intrauterine transmission. The length of CpG island Ⅱ and the number of CG sites may increase the risk of intrauterine transmission of HBV.

Effect of activation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathway of peripheral blood mononuclear cell in recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen immune response / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Toll-like receptor (TLR3) signaling pathway in recombinant HBsAg (rHBsAg) immune response. Methods: White blood cells were collected from peripheral blood of 13 healthy donors in the preparation of blood products. PBMC was isolated and treated with Poly I:C (Poly I:C group) and PBS (control group) respectively. 48 h later, some cells were collected and the expressions of TLR3 signaling pathway proteins were detected by flow cytometry. After activating (Poly I:C group)/inactivating (control group) TLR3 signaling pathway, rHBsAg was given to both groups for 72 h, and the proportions of DC, T, B cells and their subsets in PBMC were detected by flow cytometry. Paired t-test, paired samples wilcoxon signed-rank test and canonical correlation analyses were used for statistical analysis. Results: The percentage of TLR3 protein-positive cells (19.21%) and protein expression (8 983.95), NF-κB protein expression (26 193.13), the percentage of pNF-κB protein-positive cells (13.73%) and its proportion in NF-κB (16.03%), and the percentage of pIRF3 protein-positive cells (12.64%) and its proportion in IRF3 (21.80%) in Poly I:C group were higher than those in control group (11.54%, 8 086.00, 22 340.66, 8.72%, 9.71%, 9.57%, 19.12%) (P<0.05), and the percentage of TRIF protein-positive cells (89.75%) and protein expression (304 219.54) were higher in Poly I:C group than in the control group (89.64%, 288 149.72) (P>0.05). After PBMC stimulation by rHBsAg, the proportions of mDC (2.90%), pDC (1.80%), B cell (5.31%) and plasma cell (67.71%) in Poly I:C group were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.83%, 0.81%, 4.23%, 58.82%) (P<0.05). Results of canonical correlation analysis showed that the expression of TLR3 protein was positively correlated with the proportions of plasma cells, the expression of pIRF3 protein was positively correlated with the proportions of plasma cells and mDC, and the percentage of pNF-κB protein-positive cells and the percentage of pIRF3 protein-positive cells were positively correlated with the proportion of CD4+T cells. Conclusions: Poly I:C can activate TLR3/TRIF/NF-κB and TLR3/TRIF/IRF3 signaling pathway, promote the function of downstream signaling molecules, and then promote the maturation of DC, induce the immune responses of CD4+T cell, and promote the maturation and activation of B cells and the immune response of rHBsAg.

Analysis on influencing factors of HBV intrauterine transmission based on integration of decision tree model and logistic regression model / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of HBV intrauterine transmission and their interaction effects by integrating logistic regression model and Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) decision tree model. Methods: A total of 689 pairs of HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates in the obstetrics department of the Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan from 2007 to 2013 were enrolled, and the basic information of mothers and their neonates were obtained by questionnaire survey and medical record review, such as the general demographic characteristics, gestational week and delivery mode. HBV DNA and HBV serological markers of the mothers and newborns were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay respectively. The CHAID decision tree model and unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to explore the factors influencing HBV intrauterine transmission in neonates of HBsAg-positive mothers. Results: Among the 689 neonates, the incidence of HBV intrauterine transmission was 11.47% (79/689). After adjusted for confounding factors, the first and second logistic multivariate analysis showed that cesarean delivery was a protective factor for HBV intrauterine transmission (OR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.14-0.43; OR=0.27, 95%CI: 0.15-0.46); both models indicated that maternal HBeAg positivity and HBV DNA load ≥2×105 IU/ml before delivery were risk factors of HBV intrauterine transmission (OR=3.89, 95%CI: 2.32-6.51; OR=3.48, 95%CI: 2.12-5.71), respectively. The CHAID decision tree model screened three significant factors influencing HBV intrauterine transmission, the most significant one was maternal HBeAg status, followed by delivery mode and maternal HBV DNA load. There were interactions between maternal HBeAg status and delivery modes, as well as delivery mode and maternal HBV DNA load before delivery. The rate of HBV intrauterine transmission in newborns of HBeAg-positive mothers by vaginal delivery increased from 19.08% to 29.37%; among HBeAg-positive mothers with HBV DNA ≥2×105 IU/ml, the rate of HBV intrauterine transmission increased to 33.33% in the newborns by vaginal delivery. Conclusions: Maternal HBeAg positivity,maternal HBV DNA ≥2×105 IU/ml and vaginal delivery could be risk factors for HBV intrauterine transmission in newborns. Interaction effects were found between maternal HBeAg positivity and vaginal delivery, as well as vaginal delivery and high maternal HBV DNA load. Logistic regression model and the CHAID decision tree model can be used in conjunction to identify the high-risk populations and develop preventive strategies accurately.

A Dataset on the Status Quo of Health and Health-Related Behaviors of Chinese Youth: A Longitudinal Large-Scale Survey in the Secondary School Students of Shandong Province / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

This data article describes data acquired from the Database of Youth Health (DYH) program. The DYH program consisted of a multi-wave survey conducted annually in the academic year 2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018, and 2020/2021 to investigate the status quo of health and health-related behaviors of Chinese junior and senior high school students. A total of 99,327 students from 186 secondary schools in 17 cities of Shandong province participated in the survey. The dataset is longitudinal and consists of rich parameters in aspects of individual information, social-economic status, social interaction, nutrition and diet, psychological cognition, mental health, school adaptation, quality of life, spare-time physical activity, risk behaviors, and physical fitness evaluation results based on the National Student Physical Fitness and Health 2014. It is the first open shared dataset about Chinese adolescents' health and health-related behaviors. It would be valuable and beneficial for policy makers, educational institutions, and other stakeholders to generate or adjust the existing strategies for improving Chinese adolescents' wellbeing.

Curing method affecting the formation of oxygen inhibition layer on the surface of resin cement / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the conversion of resin monomer, the change of inorganic component and the influencing factors on the oxygen inhibition layer formed on the cured surface of resin cement.@*METHODS@#Three kinds of resin cement were divided into three groups: (1) light-cured group: RelyX Veneer, NX3 (light-cured), Variolink N; (2) dual-cured group: RelyX U200 Automix, NX3 (dual-cured), Multilink Speed; (3) chemically-cured group, and the above 3 types of dual-cured resin cement cured without illumination could be used as chemically-cured resin cement. Each sample was provided with and without oxygen exposure of two matching surfaces, cured respectively, and the variables of light intensity and illumination time were set in the light-cured group and the dual-cured group. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the samples' surface morphology. Energy dispersive spectrometer was used to analyze the samples' composition of surface elements. Confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the monomer conversion of resin cement and to obtain the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer.@*RESULTS@#(1) On the surface of cured resin cement, the weight percentage of oxygen element in the aerobic side was higher than that in the anaerobic side (P < 0.05), and the weight percentage of inorganic element was lower than that in the anaerobic side (P < 0.05). (2) The surface monomer conversion of the cured resin cement on the aerobic surface was significantly lower than that on the anaerobic surface (P < 0.05), and the surface monomer conversion on the aerobic surface and the anaerobic surface was the lowest in the chemically-cured group (P < 0.05), the dual-cured group was the highest (P < 0.05), and the light-cured group was between them. With the increase of light intensity or illumination time, the surface monomer conversion increased (P < 0.05). (3) The thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer was the thickest in the chemically-cured group [(40.27±2.81) μm](P < 0.05), the thinnest in the dual-cured group [(21.87±5.42) μm](P < 0.05) and light-cured group [(23.73±3.84) μm] was between them. With the increase of light intensity or illumination time, the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer of resin cement decreased (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#When resin cement is exposed to oxygen, it will form an oxygen inhibition layer, its surface's inorganic filler is less, the surface monomer conversion is lower. The surface monomer conversion and the thickness of oxygen inhibition layer are affected by curing mode and illumination factors.

Differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and primary small intestinal lymphoma using endoscopy and computerized tomography / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the characteristics of intestinal tuberculosis(ITB) and primary small intestinal lymphoma(PSIL) in order to provide clue for the differential diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of 24 cases of ITB and 23 cases of PSIL confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features, endoscopic and CT scan were compared. All the patients had complete clinical and CT data. Twenty cases of ITB and 20 PSIL had complete endoscopic data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ITB was associated with significantly higher proportion of patients with fever(58.3% vs. 4.3%), night sweating(50.0% vs. 8.6%), pulmonary tuberculosis(54.2% vs. 4.3%) and ascites(54.2% vs. 21.7%) than PSIL(all P<0.05), and lower proportion of patients with abdominal mass (4.2% vs. 39.1%), hematochezia (8.3% vs. 47.8%), and perforation (0 vs. 39.1%)(all P<0.01). Endoscopic examination showed circumferential ulcer and rodent ulcer in 40% and 35% of the patients with ITB, and massive lesion and polypoid lesion in 55% of the patients with PSIL(P<0.05). Multi-segmental lesions, layered thickening, pneumatosis intestinalis, edematous ring, bowel lumen narrowing, hollow lymph nodes, and comb sign were more common in ITB(P<0.05), while single segmental lesions, eccentric thickening, and intussusception were more common in PSIL(P<0.05). The enhancement of intestinal wall of ITB were higher than that of PSIL(P<0.05), while the thickening and lymph nodes enlargement of PSIL were higher than that of ITB(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical characteristics differ between ITB and PSIL and the differential diagnosis can be made by combining endoscopy and CT.</p>

Advancement of Quorum Sensing in Rhizobia / 微生物学通报

Quorum sensing is defined as the cell density-dependent regulation of gene expression, and the involved system is the quorum sensing system, in which N-acyl homoserine lactone is known as the signal molecules of most gram-negative organisms. It can regulate diverse physiological functions. This paper reviewed the quorum sensing systems and the recent advances which play a major role in the formation of the symbiosis between the rhizobia and their host plants.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NUMERICAL TAXONOMY AND 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP OF FAST-GROWING RHIZOBIA ISOLATED FROM WESTERN CHINA / 微生物学通报

strains of fast-growing rhizobia isolated from Chinas western (mainly from Qinghai province),and 4 representative strains were compared by performing numerical taxonomy. 132 phenotypic characteristics were analyzed. The results of numerical taxonomy constructed a dendrogram. It shows that all the strains examined clustered into five phena at a similarity level of 79%. 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP were applied to 57 rhizobial strains (among the 61 strains) and 10 reference strains. The 16S rDNA-RFLP analysis described 20 different genotypic characteristics and form one dendrogram. For some large groups, the results of 16S rDNA-RFLP were agreement with that of numerical analysis of phenotypic characteristics.